Àù¯gªº§Î¦¨ ( Carcinogenesis )

¡u¤ÑµM§ÜÀù¤§¸ô¡v¨t¦C¡G¤@

 

1) ¤°»ò¬OÀù¯g¡G

¡uÀù¡v­ì¤åCancer¡A¬J¥i¥Hªí¥ÜÀù¯g¡A¤S¥i¥Hªí¥Ü¥¨ÃÉ®y¡A³£¬O¨Ó¦Û©Ô¤B»y¤¤ªí¥ÜÃɪº Cancer ©Î Cancrum¡C¥j§ÆþªºÂå¾Ç®a Galen «ü¥X¬Y¨Ç¸~½FµÈ°_ªº¦åºÞ´N¹³ÃÉ脚¤@¼Ë¡C³oºØ»¡ªk³Q±a¨ì¤F­^°ê¡A¦b­^»y¤¤¡ACancer©ó1000¦~¶}©l¥Î¨Óªí¥ÜÀù¯g¡A¦Óªí¥Ü¥¨ÃÉ®y«h­n¨ì1391¦~¤F¡C¥»¨Óªº·N¸q¡A¬O«ü¿ÀÃɾî¦æ¡A§Y¬O¤£¿í´`¤@©wªº­y¸ñ¡A¤£ªu¤@©wªº¸ô®|¦V«e¶i¦æªº·N«ä¡C²³æªº»¡¡AÀù¯g¬O¨Ó¦Û¤HÅ饿±`ªº²Ó­M¡A¦]¥~¨Óªº­PÀù¦]¤l¨ë¿E¡A©Î¤º¥Í©Êªº°ò¦]¬ðÅÜ¡A¥X²{¬ðÅÜ¡AÅܦ¨¤@­Ó²§±`²Ó­M ( ¸~½F²Ó­M )¡A¤£¨ü¦Û«ß©Ê¬ù§ôªº²§±`¦a¦Û§Ú½Æµõ¡B¤Àµõ¡A¥¢±±¦Ó§Ö³t¼Wªø¡A¥Í²£¤j¶qªº¸~½F²Ó­M¡A³Ì«á§Î¦¨¸~½F¡A¤£Â_«I¥Ç¥H¤Î½¯©µ¡A©M¥¿±`²Ó­M²Õ´ª§¹Ü©Ò»Ýªº¾i¤À¡A²Ó­MÁÙ·|¦V©P³òÂX´²¤Î¯}Ãa·í¦a²Õ´¡A¨Ï±o¾¹©x¥X²{Ãa¦º¡B¼ìºÅ¤Î¥X¦å¡A¥BÃø¥H¤î¦å©M¡¦X¡C

´N¦p¦b¾Ç®Õ¸Ìªº¤@­Ó¾Ç¥Í¡A¦]¦Û§Ú¬ðµM§ïÅÜ¡B©Î¨ü¨ä¥LÃa¤H¼vÅT¡AÅܦ¨¤@­ÓÃa¾Ç¥Í¡A¦A¥h¼vÅT¨ä¥L¤H¡Aº¥º¥¥þ¯Z¤]¦¨¬°Ãa¾Ç¥Í¡A¦A¼vÅT¥þ¯Å¡A³Ì«á¾ã©Ò¾Ç®Õ³£¬OÃa¾Ç¥Í¡A¤@µo¤£¥i¦¬¬B¡C

¤H­Ì®É±`§âÀù¯g»P¡u¸~½F¡v ( Tumor ) »{¬°¬O¤@¼Ëªº¦Wµü¡A¨ä¹ê¨âªÌ¬O¤£ºÉ¬Û¦Pªº¡AÀù¯g¬O¤@ºØ´c©Ê¸~½F¡A¦Ó¸~½F«h¬O¥]¬A¡u¨}©Ê¸~½F¡v( Benign Tumor ) »P¡u´c©Ê¸~½F¡v( Malignant Tumor )¡C

¨}©Ê¸~½F¨ä¥Íªø³t«×½wºC¡A¦³ªº¥Íªø¦Ü¤@©w®É´Á·|°±¤î¥Íªø¡A¨Ò¦p¯×ªÕ½F¡A¦³©úÅ㪺¬É­­¡B¥]½¤§¹¾ã¡B¤£¦V¥~ÂX±i¡A¤j¦h¤£·|¼vÅT¤H¤§¥Í©R¡C¤Ö¼Æ¨}©Ê¸~½F¦b¤@©w±ø¥ó¤U¥i¯à·|³vº¥ÂàÅܬ°´c©Ê¸~½F¡C

Àù¯g´N¬O´c©Ê¸~½F¡A¨ä¥Íªø¨³³t¡B«I¥Ç©P³ò²Õ´¡BµL©úÅã¬É­­¡B½è¦a°íµw¡BµL¥]½¤»P¥¿±`²Õ´¤À¬É¤£²M¡A°£¤FÅé¿nªø¤j¥~¡A²Ó­MÁÙ·|¦V©P³òÂX´²¤Î¯}Ãa·í¦a²Õ´¡A±ß´Á¦b¬Y¤@¾¹©x¥X²{Ãa¦º¡B¼ìºÅ¤Î¥X¦å¡A¥BÃø¥H¤î¦å©M¡¦X¡C

ÁÙ¦³¡AÀù¯g¨ä¹ê¨Ã¤£¬O¤@ºØ¯e¯fªº¯S§O¦WºÙ¡A¦Ó¬O¤@Ãþ¾Ö¦³¦hºØ¬Û¦P¯S©Ê¯e¯fªº¦WºÙ¡C

 

2) Àù¯gªº§Î¦¨( Carcinogenesis )¡G

2.1) °ò¥»¸Ñ­å¾Ç ( Basic Anatomy )¡G

2.1.1) ²Ó­M ( Cell )¡G

¾Ú¦ô­p¡A¤HÅé¦Ü¤Ö¥Ñ¤Q¥ü¥H¤Wªº²Ó­M²Õ¦¨¡C¨­Åé´N¦p¤@­Ó°ê®a¡A²Ó­M´N¬O°ê¥Á¡C³o°ê®a¦³Á`²Î ( §A¦Û¤w )¡A¦³­x¶¤ ( §K¬Ì¨t²Î¡GImmune system )¡B°ê¬É ( ¥Ö½§¡GSkin )¡B³q°Tºôµ¸ ( ¯«¸g¨t²Î¡GNervous system )¡B¿é°eºôµ¸ ( ´`Àô¨t²Î¡GCirculation System ) µ¥¡C¨C¤@­Ó°ê¥Á¦³¤£¦PªºÅé¿n¡B§Îª¬¡B¥\¯à¡A¥B¦í©ó¤£¦Pªº¦a¤è¡A¦³¦í¦b¤Q¤ÀÁc¦£­º³£ªº ( ¸£³¡¡GBrain )¡A¦³¦í¦b¥ð¶¢­¥¥~ªº ( ¸}³k¡GToe )¡C°ß¦³¨C¤@­Ó°ê¥Á©¾¤ß¦a¤u§@¡A°ê®a¤~¨É¦³Ácºa¤Î¦w©w¡C

2.1.2) ²Õ´ ( Tissue )¡G

¨C¤@­Ó°ê¥Áªº¤@¥Í³£¥u¦³¬Y¤@¯S©wªºÂ¾·~¡A¥Ã¤£§ïÅÜ¡A¥B±M¤ßºÉ¾ªº¥h¤u§@¡A¤@ª½¨ì¦º¤`¡C¤@¸s¦P¤@¾·~ªº°ê¥Á«K¦¨¬°¤@­Ó²Õ´¡C¦P¤@²Õ´ªº°ê¥Á¦³¤@¨Ç¨Ã«D¦í©ó¦P¤@°Ï°ì¡A¦ý¥L­Ì«o°õ¦æµÛ¦P¤@ªº¥ô°È¡C¤HÅ馳¥|¤j¥D­n²Õ´¡A¤W¥Ö²Õ´ ( Epithelial Tissue )¡B³s±µ²Õ´ ( Connective Tissue )¡B¦Ù¦×²Õ´ ( Muscle Tissue )¡B¯«¸g²Õ´ ( Nervous Tissue )¡CÀù¯g¤]¬O°ò©ó³o¨Ç²Õ´¯fµoªº¦ì¸m¦Ó©w¦W ( °Ñ¨£ªþ¿ý¤@ )¡C

2.1.3) ¾¹©x¤Î¾¹©x¨t²Î ( Organ & Organ System )¡G

¦h­Ó°õ¦æµÛ¦P¤@¥ô°Èªº²Õ´²Õ¦¨¤@­Ó¾¹©x¡A¦h­Ó°õ¦æµÛ¦P¤@ªº¥ô°Èªº¾¹©x²Õ¦¨¾¹©x¨t²Î¡C¤HÅ馳¤Q¤j¾¹©x¨t²Î¡A¨C¤@¾¹©x¨t²Î¤Î¨ä±`¨£ªºÀù¯g³¡¦ì ( °Ñ¨£ªþ¿ý¤G )¡C

2.1.4) ¦³µ·¤Àµõ ( Mitosis )¡G

¨­ÅéÀH®É³£¦b¤Àµõ·sªº²Ó­M¡A¦P®É¤]¦³³\¦h²Ó­M¦º¥h¡A¨C¤@­Ó²Ó­M³£ª¾¹D¦ó®É¶i¦æ¤Àµõ¡C¯«¸g²Ó­M·|¦ñ§A¤@¥Í¡A¦ý¸z¹D²Ó­M¼Æ¤p®É«K¤Àµõ¤@¦¸¡A¹Ø©R¥u¦³¬ù36¤p®É¡C¨C¤@²Ó­M¤º¦³²Ó­M®Ö¡A¨ä¤¤¦³¤@­Ó¤À¤l±K«×¸û°ªªº°Ï°ìºÙ¬°¡u®Ö¤¯¡v( Nucleus )¡A¬O²Ó­Mªº¸£³U¡A¬O½Õ¸`²Ó­M¤@¤Á¬¡°Êªº±±¨î¤¤¤ß¡A§t¤j¶qªº¡u®Ö¿}®Ö»Ä¡v¡]Ribonucleic Acid: RNA¡^¡A¨ä¾lªº®Ö½è ( Nucleoplasm ) ³¡¤À«h´²§GµÛ¬V¦â½è ( Chromatin )¡A¬V¦â½è§t¿ò¶Çª«½è¡u²æ®ñ®Ö¿}®Ö»Ä¡v( Deoxyribonucleic Acid: DNA )¡A¦b²Ó­M¤Àµõ«e¡A¬V¦â½è·|¾®¶°¦¨¬V¦âÅé ( Chromosome )¡C¤G¤Q¤T¹ïªº¬V¦âÅé¡A¬O¥Í©RªºÂŹϡA¦Ó¨C¹ï¬V¦âÅé¥Ñ¨â±øD.N.A. ¤À¤l°t±µ¦Ó¦¨¡A³s¦¨ÂùÁ³±Ûªºµ²ºc¡A²Õ¦¨DNAªº³æ¦ì¡A´N¬OµL¼Æªº¿ò¶Ç°ò¦] ( Gene )¡CÀù²Ó­Mªº®Ö¤¯¤ñ¥¿±`²Ó­Mªº®Ö¤¯­n¨Ó±o¤j¡B¬¡©Ê¸û°ª¡A¦Ó¥B¤À¤l²Õ¦¨¤]¤£¦P¡C·í¤@²Ó­M¶}©l¤Àµõ®É¡AÂùÁ³±Û«K¤@¤À¬°¤G¡A¶}©l¦Û§Ú½Æ¨î¡A¦¨¬°¨â­Ó§¹¥þ¤@¼Ëªº²Ó­M¡A³o´N¬O²Ó­Mªº¦³µ·¤Àµõ¡C

¥¿±`±¡ªp¤U³o¨Ç²Ó­Mªº¤Àµõ©M¼Wªøªº¹Lµ{¡B¥Í²z¡B¥Í¤Æ¥\¯à¡B¼Wªø¹Lµ{ªº¶}©l©Mµ²§ôªº¥Í©R¶g´Á³£¨ü¨ì°ò¦]«D±`ÄYÂÔªº¸`¨î¡A¦b¥Íªø¡B¤Àµõ¡B¤À¤Æ¨ì¤@©wªº¶¥¬q®É¡A¥¦­Ì§Y¦b¯S©wªº®É¶¡ÂI¦º¥h¡A¤]´N¬O©Ò¿×¡u­pµe©Ê²Ó­M¦º¤`¡v¡]Programmed cell death¡^¡A©ÎºÙ¡u²Ó­M­ä¤`¡v¡]Apoptosis¡^¡C

2.2) ²Ó­M¬ðÅÜ ( Mutation )¡G

¦b²Ó­M¦Û§Ú½Æ¨îªº´Á¶¡¡A¦³®É¤]·|¥X²{¿ù»~¡AD.N.A. ªº¤À¤l°t±µ·|©ñ¿ù¦ì¸m©Î¦³¿ò¥¢¡A³oºÙ¬°¡u¬ðÅÜ¡v ( Mutation )¡Cµo¥Í¬ðÅܳq±`¥u¦³¨â­Ó­ì¦]¡G°ò©ó¥~¦b¦]¯À¡u­PÀù¦]¤l¡v¡B©Î¤º¦b°ò¦]¼vÅT¡C¤HÅ饻¨­¦³¾÷¨î¨Ó­×¸É³o¨Ç¿ù»~¡A¤@ºØ³QºÙ¬°DNA spell-checkerªº»Ã¯À¡A¤HÅ馳¶W¹L¤G¤QºØDNA spell-checker¥|³B´M§ä¤Î§@¥X­×¸É¡A¦ý·í¨ü·l±¡ªpÄY­«¨ì¬YºØµ{«×¦ÓµLªk¦Û¦æ­×´_ªº®É­Ô¡A²Ó­M«K·|¦Û¦æ±Ò°Ê¤@ºØºÙ¬°¡uµ{¦¡¦º¤`¡vªº¦Û±þ¤ÏÀ³¡A¦¹¥Øªº¦b©óªý¤î²§±`²Ó­MÄ~Äò¥Íªø¥H¤Î¤Àµõ¡C

2.3) Âಾ ( Metastasis)¡G

Àù²Ó­M§ó¥i¥HµLÁnµL®§¦a¸g¥Ñ¦å²G¤Î²O¤Úªº´`Àô³~®|¡A¥|³B­l¥Í»·ºÝ¡A³QºÙ¬°¡uÂಾ¡v( Metastasis)¡CÀù²Ó­MªºÂX´²¦p¤U¡G

i) §½³¡ÂX´²¡C

ii) ²O¤Ú²Õ´ÂX´²¡A¦p»ó«|ÀùÂX´²¨ìÀV²O¤Ú®Ö¡A¨ÅÀùÂX´²¨ìµÅ²O¤Ú®Ö¡C

iii) ¥Ñ¦å²GÂಾ¨ì¨x¡BªÍ¡B°©¯Þ¡B¸£µ¥¡C

iv) ¥Ñ¸¡µÄ©Î¯ÝµÄÂಾ¨ì¨ä¥¦¾¹©x¡A¦p­GÀùÂಾ¨ì¸¡ºô½¤©M§Z±_¡C

2.4) Àù¯fÅܪº¤T­Óµ{§Ç¡G

¥¿±`²Ó­MºtÅܦ¨Àù²Ó­M¦Ó§Î¦¨Àù¯gºÙ¬°Àù¯fÅÜ ( Carcinogenesis)¡AÀù¯fÅÜ¥i¤À¬°¤T­Óµ{§Ç¡G

2.4.1) ªì©l´Á ( Initiation Phase)¡G

¥¿¦p¤W­z©Ò»¡¡A¦b²Ó­M¦Û§Ú½Æ¨îªº´Á¶¡¡A¦]¥~¨Óªº­PÀùª«½è¨ë¿E¡u¤Þµo¾¯¡v( Initiator ) ©Î¤º¥Í©Êªº°ò¦]¬ðÅÜ¡A¥X²{¬ðÅÜ¡A¥BµLªk³Q­×¸É¡A¤SµLªk±Ò°Êµ{¦¡¦Û§ÚºR·´¡A³o«KºÙ¬°¤Þµo¦¨¥\¡A³o¬OÀù¯g¶}©lªº²Ä¤@¨B¡A¨­Åé¥X²{²Ä¤@­Ó²§±`ªº²Ó­M¡C

2.4.2) ¼W¥Í´Á ( Promotion Phase )¡G

¤Þµo¦¨¥\ªº²§±`²Ó­M¨Ã¥¼ºâ¬°¸~½F²Ó­M¡A¦ý¦b¡u¶Ê¤Æ¾¯¡v( Promoter ) ªº§@¥Î¤U¡A«K·|¦¨¬°¸~½F²Ó­M¡C¤Þµo²Ó­M»Ýªø´Á³Q¶Ê¤Æ¾¯ªº§@¥Î¤U¡A¤~·|¦¨¬°¸~½F²Ó­M¡A¶Ê¤Æ¾¯§ïÅܸ~½F²Ó­Mªº¯S©Ê¡A¨Ï¥¦ªø¥Í¤£¦º¡C¤@¨Ç­PÀùª«½è¦P®É¬O¤Þµo¾¯¤Î¶Ê¤Æ¾¯¡A¥¦­Ì³QºÙ¬°¡u§¹¥þ­PÀùª«½è¡v( Complete Carcinogen )¡C

2.4.3) ÂX®i´Á ( Progression Phase )¡G

¶Ê¤Æ²Ó­M³Q¤@ºØºÙ¬°¡u¶i®i¦]¤l¡v( Progressive Agents ) ªº§@¥Î¤U¡A«K¶}©l¤@ª½¤£°±ªº¦Û§Ú½Æµõ¡B¤Àµõ¡A¥¢±±¦Ó§Ö³t¼Wªø¡A¥Í²£¤j¶qªº¸~½F²Ó­M¡A³Ì«á§Î¦¨¸~½F¡A¥|³BÂಾ¡A¨Ï±o¾¹©xµLªk¥¿±`¹B§@¦Ó¾É­P­ÓÅ骺¦º¤`¡C³o¤~¬OÀù¯gªºÃöÁä¡A¤@­Ó²§±`ªº²Ó­M¦¨¥\Åܦ¨¸~½F²Ó­M¡A¨Ã¥B¶}©l¤£Â_¡B§Ö³tªº¦Û§Ú½Æ¨î¡C

2.5) ¸~½Fªº¤­­Ó¶¥¬q¡G

¸~½F¬OºC©Ê¯fÅܪºµ²ªG¡A¯f²z¤À¬°¤­­Ó¶¥¬q¡A«e¤T­Ó¬°¼ç¥ñ´Á¡A«á¨â­Ó¬°Åã¥Ü´Á¡A³q±`¦b²Ä¥|´Á¶}©l¡A©úÅ㤣¥¿±`ªº¼xª¬¤~¥X²{¡A¨º®É¤~³Q¯f±wªÌ¹îı±o¨ì²§¼Ë¡C

i) ²Ä¤@´Á¡G»F¦]©M­ìµo©Ê¶Ë®`¡A¾¹©x©Î¨t²Î¶}©l¯¿¶Ã¡C

ii) ²Ä¤G´Á¡G¦UºØ¥\¯à¯¿¶Ãªº®É´Á¡C

ii) ²Ä¤T´Á¡G¨­Åé±Æ¬r¾÷¯à¤Î¥NÁÂ¥\¯à¥X²{¯¿¶Ã¡Aµo®i¦¨¦UºØ¤£¦PªººC©Ê¯e¯f¡C

ii) ²Ä¥|´Á¡G¥X²{¤@­Ó©Î¦h­Ó¤j¤p¤£¦Pªº´c©Ê¸~½F¡C

ii) ²Ä¤­´Á ( ¥½´Á )¡G¯f±¡ÄY­«´c¤Æ¡A¦h­Ó¾¹©x¤Î¨t²Î¨ü¨ì¤£¦Pµ{«×ªº·l®`¡C

 

3) Àù²Ó­M½Æ»s®É¶¡¤Î¼ç¥ñ´Á¡G

Àù¯f¥Ñ¤@­Ó¤£¥¿±`ªº²Ó­M¦Ó°_¡A³o­Ó²Ó­M¤@¤À¬°¤G¡A¤G¤À¬°¥|¡A¦p¦¹Ãþ±À¡C¤£¦PªºÀù²Ó­M¡A¤Àµõªº³t«×¤]¤£¤@¼Ë¡A³oºÙ¬°¡uÀù²Ó­M½Æ»s®É¶¡¡v¡C¼Wªø³t«×§ÖªºÀù²Ó­M¡A½Æ»s®É¶¡¥u»Ý¤@¦Ü¥|¬P´Á¡A¦Ó¼Wªø³t«×ºCªºÀù²Ó­M¡A½Æ»s®É¶¡¥i¯à»Ý­n¨â¦Ü¤»­Ó¤ë¡CµM¦Ó¡A¯fÅܪì´Á¬O²@µL¯gª¬ªº¡A¯f¤H¤£·|·Pı¨ì¸~¶ô©Îµw¶ô¡C¥Ñ©óªì´ÁªºÀù¸~Åé¿n¤Ó¤p¡A²{®Éªº¶EÂ_¤èªk¥çÃø¥Hµo²{¡C¸g¹L´X­Ó¤ë¡A¬Æ¦Ü¼Æ¦~¡A¨ä®É¸~¶ô¥i¯à¤w¦³¤@Íù¦Ì¤j¡A¬ù¦³¤@¦Ê¸U­ÓÀù²Ó­M¡A¤@¤½¤À®É¬ù¦³¤@¤d»õ­ÓÀù²Ó­M¡CÀù¯gªº¼ç¥ñ´Á¥Ñ¤@¨ì¤T¤Q¦~¤£µ¥¡A¥­§¡´Á¬ùªø¹F39¤ë¡C

©Ò¥H¤£¤Ö¤HÅ餺³£¦³¸~½F²Ó­M¡A¥i¯à¥u¬O¤Ó¤Ö¡A¥¼§Î¦¨¦M®`¦Ó¥¼³Qµo²{¡A¦Ó«Ü¦h¤H¤]¦³©Ò¿×ªºÅÖºû½F©Î¨}©Ê¸~½F¡C¨Æ¹ê«Ü¦h¤H³Qµo²{±w¤WÀù¯g®É¡A¤w¸g¨ì¤F«á´Áªº¶¥¬q¡CÁöµM¤£¤Ö¤H¨Ã«D¦º©óÀù¯g¡A¦ýµo²{¬ù¦³22%ªº¤H¡A¥L­ÌªºÅ餺¤w¸g¦³¸~½F©ÎÀù²Ó­M¡A¥u¬O¦]·N¥~©Î¨ä¥¦¯e¯f¤ñÀù¯g¦­¤@¨B¹Ü¥h¥L­Ìªº©Ê©R¦Ó¤w¡C

 

4) Àù²Ó­Mªº¯S½è¡G

i) ¿W¥ß¡G¸ò¨ä¥¦¥¿±`²Ó­M¤£¤@¼Ë¡A¸~½F²Ó­M¤£³ßÅw³sµ²©ó²Õ´ªí­±¡A·í¸~½F²Ó­M¦Û¥Ñ¨«°Ê®É§ó¨£§§¤j¡C

ii) ¥Ã¤£¦¨¼ô¡G¥¦­Ì¥Ã»·«O«ù¦~«C¤O§§¡A¤£Â_¥Í²£¡C

iii) ¥Ã¤£¦º¤`¡G¥¿±`²Ó­M¦b¤Àµõ¤@©wªº¦¸¼Æ«á«K·|¦Ñ¤Æ¤Î¦º¤`¡A¸~½F²Ó­M¥Ã¤£¦Ñ¤Æ¤Î¦º¤`¡C

 

5) ªñ¦~Àù¯gªº±¡ªp¡G

¾Ú¦ô­p¡A¤HÅé¨C¤Ñ¬ù¦³´X¨Õ¦Ü´X¸U­Ó²Ó­Mµo¥Í¬ðÅÜ¡A¬ðÅܦ¨¥\«á«K§Î¦¨¸~½F²Ó­M¡A¥u¦³¤HÅ骺©è§Ü¤O°÷±j®É¤~¯à±N¥¦­Ì¥þ³¡ºR·´¡A¦ý·í§K¬Ì¨t²Î³n®z©Î¥X¤ò¯f®É¡A±¡ªp´N¤£¦P¤F¡C©Ò¥H¤£¤Ö¤HÅ餺³£¦³¸~½F²Ó­M¡A¥i¯à¥u¬O¤Ó¤Ö¡A¥¼§Î¦¨¦M®`¦Ó¥¼³Qµo²{¡A¦Ó«Ü¦h¤H¤]¦³©Ò¿×ªºÅÖºû½F¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A«Ü¦h¤H³Qµo²{±w¤WÀù¯g®É¡A¤w¸g¨ì¤F«á´Áªº¶¥¬q¡CÁöµM¤£¤Ö¤H¨Ã«D¦º©óÀù¯g¡A¦ýµo²{¬ù¦³22%ªº¤H¡A¥L­ÌªºÅ餺¤w¸g¦³¸~½F©ÎÀù²Ó­M¡A¥u¬O¦]·N¥~©Î¨ä¥¦¯e¯f¤ñÀù¯g¦­¤@¨B¹Ü¥h¥L­Ìªº©Ê©R¦Ó¤w¡C

Àù¯g¦º¤`²v¬Æ°ª¡A¾Ú¬ü°ê°ê®a½Ã¥Í°òª÷·| ( National Sanitation Foundation ) ©M°ê®aÀù¯g¬ã¨s©Ò ( National Cancer Institute: NCI ) ªº¤@¥÷²Î­p³ø§iªí©ú¡A¦b¥þ¥@¬É¨C¦~¿©±wÀù¯gªº¬ù¦³500¸U¤H¡C

¤é¥»¦]Àù¯g¦Ó¦º¤`ªº¤H¼Æ³v¦~¼W¥[¡A¦¨¬°¦]¯e¯f¦Ó¦º¤`ªº¤H¼Æ­º¦ì¡A1981¦~¬°166,399¤H¡A2000¦~¬°295,399¤H¡A©Ò¥H¤é¥»¬F©²¤]´£¥X¡u§JªAÀù¯g¤Q¦~­p¹º¡v¡C

¾Ú2001¦~ªº²Î­p¡A¥xÆW¥þ¦~¶W¹L¤­¸U¤H±w¤WÀù¯g¡A¥­§¡¨C11¤ÀÄÁ17¬í«K¦³¤@¤H±w¤WÀù¯f¡A¦Ó1996¦~¥­§¡¥u¬O¨C¤@¤p®É¤~¦³¤@¤H±w¤WÀù¯f¡A¤@¦~¦º©óÀù¯gªº¤H¬ù¦ûÁ`¯e¯f¦º¤`¤H¼Æ¥|¤À¤@¡C

¾Ú1998¦~ªº²Î­p¡A¬ü°ê¤@¦~°â¥X¤F¶W¹L¤­¨Õ»õ²Éªº¤îµh¦¨ÃÄ¡A¥|¤À¤@¤H¦º©óÀù¯g¡A¤T¤À¤@¤H¦º©ó¤ßŦ¯f¡C©ó2001¦~¬ü°ê¦@¦³553,768¤H¦º©óÀù¯g¡A¦û¥þ°ê¯e¯fÁ`¦º¤`¤H¤f22.9%¡A±Æ¦æ¯e¯f­P©R±þ¤âº]²Ä¤G¦ì¡A¤ßŦ¯f¬O²Ä¤@¦ì¡C

®Ú¾Ú­»´ä½Ã¥Í¸pªº²Î­p¡A2002¦~¦³11,658­»´ä¤H¦º©óÀù¯g¡A¬O­»´äÀY¸¹±þ¤â¡A¦û¥þ´ä¯e¯f¦º¤`Á`¼Æ34,316ªº¤T¤À¤§¤@¡C©ó1981¦~Àù¯g¦û¥þ´ä¯e¯f¦º¤`²v¬°6.35%¡A2002¦~¤É¦Ü8.75%¡C

 

6) ­PÀùª«½è ( Carcinogen )¡G

¬ü°ê¡u°ê®aÀô¹Ò½Ã¥Í¬ì¾Ç¬ã¨s°|¡v( National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences: NIEHS ) ÁÒ¤U¡u°ê®a¬rª«­pµe¡v( National Toxicology Program Report on Carcinogens ) ªº²Ä¤Q¦¸­PÀùª«½è³ø§i¤¤¡A¤wª¾·|­PÀù©Î¥i¯à­PÀùªºª«½è²Ö¿n¬°228ºØ¡C

Àù¦r¦³¤T­Ó¤f¦r¡A¥i¥NªíÀù¯g±q¦Y¡B³Ü¤Î§l ( ·Ï¡B¿ç®g¡B¼o®ðµ¥ ) ©Ò¤Þ­P¡C

¬ì¾Ç®a­Ì¤w¸g§ä¥X¤F³\¦h­PÀùª«½è¡A¥~¦b¦]¯À¥D­n¥i¤À¬°7¤jÃþ¡A±À´ú¦³¤j¬ù85%¥H¤WªºÀù¯g¸ò¶¼­¹¡B¿ç®g¡B¤Æ¾Çª«½è¡B©â·Ï¡B¤ô¡BªÅ®ð¦³Ãö¡A¦¹¥~¡AÃĪ«¡B¯f¬r¡B¿ò¶Çµ¥³£¦³¤@©wªº¦¨¦]¡C³o¨Ç­PÀùª«½è¦s¦b©ó¥Í¬¡©M¤u§@Àô¹Ò¤¤¡Aªø´Á±µÄ²­PÀùª«½èªº¤H·|¤ñ¤@¯ë¤H§ó©ö¨ü¨ì¼vÅT¡A¦Ó¤Þ°_Àù¯g¡C

§Ú­Ì±N­PÀù¦]¯À¤À¬°¨â¤jÃþ§O¡G¤º¦b¦]¯À»P¥~¦b¦]¯À¡C

 

¦]¯À

¤º®e

¤ñ²v ( ¬ù¼Æ¡B¦ô­p )

¤º¦b¦]¯À¡G

1

©Ê±¡¡F©Ê®æ¡G

0%100%

2

®a±Ú¿ò¶Ç¡G

5%7%

¥~¦b¦]¯À¡G

1

¶¼­¹¡G­¹ª«¡B¤ô¡B°sºëµ¥¡G

50%75%

2

©â·Ï¡G

30%

3

¤Æ¾Çª«½è¡G

5%10%

4

¿ç®g¡G

2%3%

5

ªÅ®ð¡G

2%3%

6

·L¥Íª«¡G

1%2%

7

¦èÃÄ¡G

1%

 

6.1) ¤º¦b¦]¯À¡G

6.1.1) ­Ó¤H¡G( ¥t½Ð°Ñ¾\µ§°O¡uÀ£¤O¥[³t¦Ñ¤Æ¡B¥Í¯f¡B­PÀù¡v)

·U¨Ó·U¦hªºÃÒ¾ÚÅã¥Ü¡A¤H¥Í¯f»P§_¡A¸ò¥L­Ìªº©Ê±¡©M©Ê®æ¦³«Ü¤jªºÃö«Y¡C¤H°·±d»P§_³Ì­«­n¨ú¨M©ó¬O§_¶}¤ß¡B§Ö¼Ö¡Bº¡¨¬µ¥¡A²×¤é´e´e¤£¼Ö¡A´Nºâ¯uªº¨S¦³¯f¡A¸ò¨ä¥L±w¯fªº¨S¦³¨â¼Ë¡A¨Ã¥B¯uªº«Ü§Ö·|¥Í¯f¡C

¬ü°ê¦ã§B¯S¡B·R¦]´µ©ZÂå¾Ç°|ªº±M®a¶i¦æ¬ã¨s¡Aµo²{33¦ì±w¤W¤F¦åÀùªº¨àµ£¡A¨ä¤¤31¦ì©ó±wÀù«e´¿¸g¾D¨ü­«¤jªº±¡ºü¥´À»¡C

·í¥N¤¤°ê¥Í©R¬ì¾Ç®a¬_¶³¸ô©ó1995¦~¥Xª©ªº®Ñ¡m¬_¶³¸ô·s¯g¯f¾Ç¡n»¡¥X¡A«Ü¦h¤H¥Í¯f¬O¦]¬°·Q¯f¡C

¥~°ê¤£¤Ö¹êÅçÃÒ©ú¥Î¡u¦w¼¢¾¯¡v¨Ó§@ÃĪ«ªº®Ä¥Î´ú¸Õ ( Placebo¡G§Y¥Î¤@¨Ç§¹¥þ¨S¦³®Ä¤OªºÃĪ«µ¹¤@¨Ç¯f¤HªA¥Î¡A«o¹ï¥L­Ì»¡¬O¯S®ÄÃÄ )¡A¤@¨Ç¤H³ºµM·Pı«Ü¦³®Ä¡A¦ý¨ä¹ê¬O¤ß²z§@¥Î¡C

­»´ä¦³¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü¡A°h¥ð¤H¤h§ó®e©ö±w¥¢¯v¡B§íÆ{¡A¦]¬°¯Ê¥F¤F¥Í¬¡·N«ä¡B¤è¦V¡B³Ò°Êµ¥¡C

³ß¼Ö¬O«Ü¼vÅT¤@­Ó¤Hªº°·±d¤Î©è§Ü¤O¡C¤é¥»ªº¬ã¨sÃÒ¹ê¶}Ãh¤j¯º«á¡A§K¬Ì¯à¤O·|³Q´£¤É¡A¦p¬Ý§¹¤T¤p®É³ß¼@«á¡AÅ餺NK Cell ( ¹ï¥IÀù²Ó­MªºÀY¸¹§K¬Ì²Ó­M±þ¤â ) ªº¬¡°Ê¯à¤O¼W±j¤F¡C¯«³]­p¯u©_§®¡A¯ºªº·Pı¤ñµh§ó¤j¡A©Ò¥H¯º¥i¥H§í¨îµh·¡¡C¸t¸g»¡¡G¡u³ß¼Öªº¤ß¡A¤D¬O¨}ÃÄ¡F¼~¶ËªºÆF¡A¨Ï°©¬\°®¡C¡v¬O¤Q¤À¥¿½Tªº¡C

¹êÅçÃÒ©ú¡A¦ÛµM­µ¼Ö¥i¥H½Õ¸`¨­Åé¦UºØ¥\¯à¡A¨Ò¦p§K¬Ì¥\¯à¡B®ø¤Æ¥\¯àµ¥¡C®Ú¾Ú²{¥NÂå¾Ç¬ã¨s¡A­µ¼Öªº¬¡°Ê¤¤¼Ï¦b¤j¸£¥Ö¼h¥k°¼¡C»´ÃP¡B´r§Öªº­µ¼Ö«P¨Ï¤HÅé¤Àªc¤@¨Ç¦³¯q©ó°·±dªº¿E¯À¡B×Q¡B¤AñQÁx¯Àµ¥¬¡©Êª«½è¡C¤HÅ馳ºØºØ¶g´Á©Ê¥Í²z¸`«ß¡A¦p¤ß¸õ¡B©I§l¡B¸z­Gį°Êµ¥¡A²ÎºÙ·L¥Íª«¸`«ß¡C¦]»Pªº±Û«ß»P¸`«µ¦b§ÖºC¡BÅܤơB°_¥ñ¤§¤¤¡A¥i¥Hµo´§½Õ¸`¤HÅé¥Íª«¸`«ßªº§@¥Î¡C­µ¼Ö¤]¬O¤@ºØ¯S®íªº«H®§¡A¯à³z¹Lťı¯«¸g¨t²Îµo´§¿³¾Ä©M§í¨î§@¥Î¡C

¤t±T¤j¾Çªº¬ã¨s³ø¾É«ü¥X¡A¦X°Û¹Î½m²ß¤E¤Q¤ÀÄÁ«á¡A¥b¼Æ¦X°Û¹Î¦¨­û¦å²G¤ºªº§K¬Ì²Ó­M¼Æ¶q¡A¸û¥¼¶}©l½m²ß®É°ª¡A¨ä¤¤¤@¦W¦¨­ûÅ餺§K¬Ì²Ó­M¼Æ¥Ø§ó¼W¥[¤F14¢H¡C

¡u¤ß²z¯«¸g§K¬Ì¾Ç¡v¥çÃÒ©ú¤ßÆF¥­ÀR®É¡A§K¬Ì¯à¤O·|³Q´£¤É¡C

¬ü°ê¬ì¾Ç®a¤@¶µªº¬ã¨sµ²ªGÅã¥Ü¡A»´«×ªº¼~Æ{¯g´N¯à¨Ï¤Hªº§K¬Ì¨t²Î¥¢½Õ¡A«P¨Ï¤¤¦~¥H¤Wªº¤H¥X²{¤@¨Ç»P¦~ÄÖ¦³ÃöªºÄY­«¯e¯f¡C

¬ü°ê¼wÂÄ´µ¦{¤j¾Ç¥H1,558¦W¾¥¦è­ôªøªÌ¬°´Á¤C¦~§@¬ã¨s¹ï¶H¡Aµo²{¼ÖÆ[¤H¤h¨ä°I¦Ñ²{¶H¸û´dÆ[ªÌ½wºC¡A¬ã¨s¤H­ûµo²{¼ÖÆ[±¡ºü¥i§ïÅÜÅ餺ªº¤Æ¾Ç¥­¿Å¡A±q¦Ó¼vÅT°·±d¡C¦¹¥~¥_¥dùµÜ¯Ç¦{¤j¾Çµo²{´dÆ[ªøªÌªº°O¾Ð¸û®t¡C®ø·¥­t­±ªº«ä·Q·|±þ¶Ë§A¡AÄY­«¼vÅT§Aªº¤Àªc¡B¯«¸g¨t²Î¡B§K¬Ì¨t²Î¡B´`Àô¨t²Îµ¥µ¥¡C

©Ò¥H¡A¦]¯«®É±`³ß¼Ö¡Bºq°Û¸õ»R¡A¬O¹ï§Ü¯e¯f©M±j°·¨­Å骺«Ü­«­n¦]¯À¤§¤@¡C

«Ü¦h¤H¯à¦bµ´¯g©Îµ´¹Ò¤¤¥ÍÁÙ³£¸ò¥L­Ìªº¥Í¦s°«§Ó¦³«Ü¤jÃö«Y¡C

6.1.2) ®a±Ú¿ò¶Ç ( Inheritance )¡G

¦³¨ÇÀù¯g¡A¦p¡G¶Â¦â¯À½F¡B¨ÅÀù¡B§Z±_Àù¡B©M¤j¸zÀù¨ã¦³®a±Ú¿ò¶Ç©Ê¡C³oºØ²{¶H¦³¥i¯à¬O¿ò¶Ç¦]¯À¡A¤]¦³¥i¯à¬O«á¤ÑªºÀô¹Ò¦]¯À¤Þµo¡C

6.2) ¥~¦b¦]¯À¡G

6.2.1) ¶¼­¹¡G¦³¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü¡A¬ù¦³50%¦Ü75%ªºÀù¯g¬O»P¶¼­¹¦³Ãöªº¡G

¬ü°êFDAªí¥Ü¦bÂø³f©±¤ºªº­¹ª«¡A¥­§¡³Ì¤Ö¶W¹L50ºØ¬O§t¦³¬r¯Àªº¡C

6.2.1.1) °ª¯×ªÕ¡B°ª³J¥Õ½è¡B°ª¿}¥÷­¹ª«¡G

¶i­¹¹L¦hªº¦×Ãþ¤Î¹¡©M¯×ªÕªº­¹ª«·|«P¶iÀù²Ó­Mªº§Î¦¨¡A¦P¤@®É¶¡¥ç·|§í¨î§K¬Ì¨t²Îªº¥\¯à¡C

¯×ªÕ·|´î®zNK Cell¤Î¥¨¾½²Ó­M®ø·ÀÀù²Ó­Mªº¯à¤O¡C¨­Åé«Ü¦hªº¬r¯À³£¬O¿n¦s©ó¯×ªÕ¸Ì¡A¦Ó¯×ªÕ¦s¶q¶V°ª¡AÅ餺ªº¬r¯À«K·U¦h¡C¦¹¥~¡A¹L¦hªº¯×ªÕ¥ç·|¤Þ°_²Ó­M¬ðÅܤΨäÂX´²¡C

¿}¥÷¬O¥¿±`²Ó­Mªº­¹ª«¡A¥ç¬OÀù²Ó­Mªº­¹ª«¡A¹L¶qªº¿}¥÷«P¶iÀù²Ó­Mªº¼Wªø¡C

6.2.1.2) ­PÀù¦×Ãþ¡G

°Êª«³Q­é¹Ü¥Í©Rªº·¥«×µh­W®É¨è¡A¥Ñ©ó±j¯Pªº­t­±±¡ºü¦Ó¨ë¿E¨­Åé²Ó­Mªº¤Æ¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¡A¨Ï¥þ¨­²£¥Í¼@¬r¡C¤H¦Y°Êª«¦×¡A¦P®É¦Y¶i¤F³o¨Ç¬r¯À¡A²£¥ÍºØºØºC©Ê©Î«æ©Ê¯e¯f¡A¬Æ¦Üªø½F¡AªøÀù¡C

°Êª«³Q±O®_¦Ó¦º¤`«á¡A«ÍÅ餤ªº²Ó­M§Y¨è°±¤î¤u§@¡A¦×¤¤ªº³J¥Õ½è´N·|¾®µ²¦Ó¤Àªc¥X¦Û§Ú¤À¸Ñªº»Ã¯À¡A¨Ï¦Ù¦×»GÄê¡A²£¥Í¬r©Ê¡AºÙ¬°¡u«Í¬r¡v¡CµM«á¦Y¶i¨{¸Ìªº¦×¡A¤S¦b¤HÃþ¥ý¤Ñ¤£¾AÀ³®ø¤Æ¦×Ãþªº¸z¾À¤¤½w½w«e¶i¡A¤j·§»Ý­n¤­¤Ñ¤~¨ì¹F±Æªn¾¹©x¦Ó©ñ¥XÅé¥~¡]¯À­¹­¹ª«¥u»Ý¤@¤Ñ¥b¡^¡C³o¨Ç»G¦×ªº¬rºCºC«I»k¸z¾À¡A³Ì«á§Î¦¨ª½¸zÀù¡Bµ²¸zÀùµ¥µ¥¤£ªv¤§¯g¡C³oºØ«Í¬r§Y¨Ï¸g¹L²i¶¹³B²z¤]¤£¯à®ø·À¡A¦¨¤F®ø¤Æ¨t²Î­G¸zÀù¯gªº²Ä¤@º×­º¡C

´Óª«¦Y¶§¥ú¡BªÅ®ð¡B¤ô¡F°Êª«¦Y´Óª«¡F¤j°Êª«¦Y¤p°Êª«¡F¤H¦Y°Êª«¡C²{¥N¥þ¥@¬Éªº¹A¥Ð©MªG¶é¡A³£¼QÅx¦³¬rªº¤Æ¾ÇÃľ¯¨Ó·À®`ÂΡC³o¨Ç¹AÃÄÂಾ¨ì¦Y´Óª«ªº°Êª«Å餺¡A¥Ã¤[¦s¦b¯×ªÕ¤§¤¤¡C¦×­¹°Êª«¤S§â¯À­¹°Êª«¦×¤¤ªº¹AÃĬr¯À®ø¤Æ¶i¦Û¤vªº¯×ªÕ¤º¡C¤H¦Y°Êª«¦×¡AÅý¦Û¤vÅܦ¨¹AÃĴݬrªº³Ì«á«O¦sªÌ¡C®Ú¾Ú¬ì¾Ç½Õ¬d¡A¦×Ãþ·í¤¤ªº±þÂξ¯¶q¡A¤ñ½­µæ¡B¤ôªG¡B«C¯ó¤¤©Ò§t¬r¶q¡A°ª¥X¤Q¤T­¿¡C¹AÃĬO­PÀùªº¥D­n¯f¦]¡C

¦¹¥~¡A§l¦¬¹L¦hªº³J¥Õ½è·|¤Þ¦Ü¨­Åé«Ü¦h¤ò¯f¡A¯S§O¬O¹L¦hªº°Êª«©Ê³J¥Õ½è¡A·|§Î¦¨²§±`³J¥Õ½è¡A«P¦¨¸~½F¡A§ó³QÀù²Ó­M©Ò§l¦¬¦Ó¦Û§Ú§@§ó¤jªºÂX±i¡F¤À¸Ñ³J¥Õ½è¥ç·|²£¥Í»Ä©Ê°Æ²£«~¡C

·N¤j§Q¸~½F±M®a©ó2004¦~¦òù­ÛÂÄ¥«Á|¦æªºÀù¯g¬ã°Q·|¤W¹L¶q­¹¦×·|¼W¥[±w­GÀù©M¯Ø¸¢Àùªº¾÷·|¡C

6.2.1.2.1) ­PÀù¹A§@ª«¡G

¹}¾i®a¯bªº¹A§@ª«µ´¤j³¡¥÷³£§t¦³«Ü¦hªº­PÀùª«½è¹A·~¤Æ¦Xª«¦p±þÂξ¯¡B°£¯ó¾¯µ¥¡A¥]¬A¤w³Q¸T¥ÎªºDDT¡A¤´µM¨Ï¥Îªº¡u¤»´â­f¡v¡]Hexachlorobenzene: HCB¡^¡B§J´â¤¦ ( Chlordane )¡B­¸§G¹F¡] Heptachlor ¡^¡B¤»´â­f¡]Hexachlorobenzene: HCB¡^¡BªL¤¦ ( Lindane ) µ¥¡C

6.2.1.2.2) ¥Íªø¿E¯À ( Growth Stimulating Hormone )¡G

¦Ó²{¤µ«Ü¦hªº°Êª«³£³Q¥´¥Íªø¿E¯À¡A¬ü°ê¶W¹L90%ªº°Êª«³£³Q¥´¥Íªø¿E¯À¡A¦ô­p¥u¦³0.000125%ªº®a¯b¤Î0.0000014%ªº®a¸V¸g¬ü°ê¹A·~³¡ ( USDA ) ªº¤Æ¾Ç´úÅç¡A¦Ó¥Íªø¿E¯À«h´X¥G¨S¦³¸g´ú¸Õ¡C¤ÑµM¿E¯À¦p¡u»Û¤G¾J¡v¡]Estradiol¡^¡B¶ÀÅé¯À ( Progesterone )¡B¸A©Tଡ]Testosterone¡^©M¤H¤u¿E¯À¦p¡u¤v²m»Û×ô¡v( Diethylstilbestrol: DES ) ³£¬O­PÀùª«½è¡C¨Ó¨ë¿E¤û°¦´£°ª¤û¥¤¥Í²£¤O¬ù10%¦Ü25%ªº¡u¤û¥Íªø¿E¯À¡v( Bovine Growth Hormone: BGH ) ¤Î¡u¤ûÃþ¥Íªø¿E¯À¡v( Bovine Somatotropin: BST ) ¦P¼Ë¦³¾÷·|¤Þ¦ÜÀù¯g¡C¥Íªø¿E¯À·|¨ë¿E¥Í´Þ¾¹©x²Ó­M¤£¥¿±`ªº¤Àµõ¡A¤Þ¦Ü«Ü¦h»P¥Í´Þ¾¹©x¦³ÃöªºÀù¯g¡A¦p¨ÅÀù¡B§Z±_Àù¡B¤l®cÀVÀùµ¥¡C¬ü°ê¦Û1965¦~°_¡A¨ÅÀù¼Wªø¶W¹L¤F50%¡C

¦b´ì¤ÓµØÁ|¿ìªº¥@¬É¨ÅÀùÂå¾Ç·|¦³«Ü¦hªº¬ã¨sµoªí¡A¬ü°ê¬ì¾Ç®a Dr Samuel Epsteinªí¥Ü¡A¬F©²À³¸Ó­«µø¨Å¤û¬I¥´¥Íªø¿E¯Àªº°ÝÃD¡A®Ú¾Ú¥Lªº¬ã¨s¡A³oºØ¤û¥¤·|§t¦³¤@ºØ IGF-1 ªº¥Íªø¿E¯À¡A¬O¤Þ­P¨ÅÀùªºº×­º¡C¥¿±`ªº¤û¥¤¤¤¨Ã¤£¬°¦³«Ü°ªªºIGF-1¡A¦ý¬O¦pªG¨Å¤û¬I¥´¥Íªø¿E¯À¡A¥i¯à·|ÅýIGF-1 ¦b¤û¥¤¤¤¤ñ¥¿±`¤û¥¤°ª40­¿¡C¹êÅç«Ç¤¤¦pªG±NIGF-1 ¥[¨ì¥¿±`²Ó­M¡A¥¿±`²Ó­M«Ü®e©öÀù¤Æ¡A¦Ó¨ÅÀù±wªÌªºIGF-1³q±`¤]«Ü°ª¡C

6.2.1.2.3) ÃĪ« ( Drugs )¡G

¦ô­p¶W¹L90%ªºµ¹­¹¥Î°Êª«ªºÃĪ«¥¼¸gFDA§å®Ö¡A¦Ó¥u¬ù32%ªºÃĪ«¸gUSDAªº¦³­­«×ºÊºÞ¡A¦Ü¤Ö40ºØÃĪ«³QÃÒ¹ê¬O­PÀùª«½è¡C

Âû¡B½Þ¡B¤û¦×¤¤´Ý¯dªº§Ü¥Í¯À¡B²üº¸»X¡F¾i´Þ®ü²£Ãþ´Ý¯dªº­«ª÷Äݱþµß¾¯¡B°£Ä¦¾¯¤Î§Ü¥Í¯Àµ¥¡A³£»PÀù¯gªºµo¥Í¦³Ãö¡C

6.2.1.2.4) ¥¤Ãþ²£«~¡G

®a¯b©Ò§tªº¦UºØ­PÀùª«½è¡A¦P¼Ë¶¡¦s¦b©ó¥¤Ãþ²£«~¤¤¦p¤û¥¤¡B¥¤¯»¡B¤ûªo¡B¨Å¹Tµ¥¡C1990¦~FDAµo²{¬ù46%ªº¤û¥¤§t­PÀùÃÄ¡uÁDÓi¾¯¡v( Sulfamethazine )¡C

6.2.1.3) ¿N¯N»P°ª·ÅµN­¹¡G

·ÏÂt©Î¿N¯Nªº­¹ª«§t¦³¡u¦hÀôªÚ­»±ÚºÒ²B¤Æ¦Xª«¡v( Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: PAHs ) ªº­PÀù¤Æ¦Xª«¡A¤×¨ä¬O¥Ö©M¯×ªÕ³¡¤À¡APAHs·|¦bªo¯×ºw¤U®É²£¥Í¡A­¹ª«¿NµJ³¡¤À«h·|§tPAHs¡A¦Ó¬´¿N©Ò²£¥ÍªºPAHs§t¶q³Ì°ª¡C¤é¥»°ê¥ßÀù¯g¬ã¨s¤¤¤ßªº¬ã¨sµo²{¡A·í²i½Õªº·Å«×¹F300¢XC®É¡A´X¥G©Ò¦³ªº³J¥Õ½èªºª«½è¦p¨§Ãþ¡B¦×Ãþµ¥³£¦³­PÀùª«½è¡G¡uÂøÀôÓi¡v¡]Heterocyclic Amines: HCAs¡^ªº¥X²{¡C¬ü°ê¥[¦{¬ì¬ã¤H­û¤]µo²{¡A·í¥Î°ª温²i½Õ©Îªo¬µ¤û¦×¡BÂû¡B³½¹F200¢XC¥H¤W«á¡A¦×Ãþ¥»¨­¦¨¤À·|°_ÅܤơA²£¥Í¥X10ºØªº­PÀùª«½è¡C·ç¨åªºStockholm¤j¾Ç»P¬F©²­¹«~½Ã¥Í¦w¥þºÞ²z§½¦X§@¬ã¨sµo²{¡A¯M¤Î¯Nªº­¹ª«¦p°¨¹aÁ¦©Î½\Ãþ ( ºÒ¤ô¤Æ¦Xª« ) ·|²£¥Í¡u¤þ²mñQÓi¡v( Acrylamide )¡A¬ü°êÀô¹Ò«OÅ@ªÌ±N¤þ²mñQÓi¦C¬°¤¤µ¥¦MÀIªº­PÀùª«½è¡C

6.2.1.4) µo¾`ªº÷³µß¡G

µo¾`ªº¤­½\Ãþ¡B­¹¥Îªo¡B¨§Ãþ¤Î¥É¸¾¶Á³£§t¦³­PÀùªº÷³µß¡A¯S§O¬Oµo¾`ªºªá¥Í¡A§t¦³¶W±j­PÀùª«½è¡G¶ÀÄTÅðµß ( Aflatoxins )¡A¨ä­PÀù©Ê¬O¥¤ªo黄ªº900­¿¡C¶ÀÄTÅðµß¥D­n»¤µo¨xÀù¡A¤]·|¤Þ¦Ü­GÀù¡BµÇÀù¡Bª½¸zÀùµ¥¡C¨ä¥¦µo»ÃÃþ­¹ª«¥]¬A¦³¥jªkÆC³yªº°s¡BÂæªo¡B³½ÅS¡BÄ®ªo¡B½¼Âæ¡B®üÂAÂæ¡B¨§³a¡B¨ý¹¬¡B¯ä¨§»Gµ¥¡C

¥t¥~©ó¤@¶µ´ú¸Õ¤¤¡Aµo²{100ºØ²£¦Û®õ°ê¡B¤¤°ê¡B­»´ä¡B·s¥[©Yµ¥¦aªº¤Æ¾ÇÂæªo©Î½Õ¨ý«~¤¤¡A22ºØ²£«~©Ò§tªº¡u3-³æ´â¤þ¤G¾J¡v¡]3-MCPD¡^»·»·¶W¹L¼Ú¬w©e­û·| ( European Commission ) ¤¹³\ªº¤W­­¡A­^°ê­PÀù©e­û·| ( Committee on Carcinoginicity ) µo²{3-MCPD¦b°Êª«¹êÅç¤W·|¤ÞµoÀù¯g¡C¦Ó¦b³o22ºØÂæªo©Î½Õ¨ý«~¤¤¡A¤S¦³¤T¤À¤§¤G§t¦³¥t¤@ºØ­PÀùª«½è¡u1,3¤G´â¤þ¾J¡v¡]1,3-DCP¡^¡C

6.2.1.5) ©U§£­¹ª« ( Junk Food )¡G

¨ä¥¦¦p¨T¤ô¡B¹s­¹¡B²¢«~¡Bºë·Ò­¹ª«¡Bºë·Ò¿}¡BÆQµ¥¥þ³£¬O¯Ó®ñ­¹ª«¡A·|¿N¯Ó¤j¶qªº®ñ®ð¤Î²£¥Í¤G®ñ¤ÆºÒ¡A¤Þ¦Ü§Î¦¨¦Û¥Ñ°ò¡A¾É­P¦UºØ¯e¯f¡A¬Æ¦ÜÀù¯g¡C

6.2.1.6) ¹A§@ª« ( Crops )¡G

­^°ê¨C¦~¥Î¤W¶W¹L¤G¸U¤­¤d¾·©Ò¿×¦Xªkªº¹A·~¤Æ¦Xª«¡A¦Ó¦b¬ü°ê§ó±µªñ¥|¨Õ¸U¾·¡A³Ì¥i©Èªº¬O¡A¥u¦³1%ªº³o¨Ç¬rª«³Q¥Î¤F¨Ó¹ï¥I®`ÂΤβӵߡA¨ä¤¤ªº45%·|¾l¯d¦b§Ú­Ì¨C¤é©Ò¦Yªº½­ªG¸Ì¡A¨ä¾lªº´²¼½©óªÅ®ð¡B¤ô¬y¡Bªd¤g¸Ìµ¥µ¥¡A³Ì«á«Ü¤j¾÷·|·|¥h¨ì§Ú­Ìªº¨{¤l¸Ì¡C¬ü°ê¤@Àô«O¾÷ºcµo³ø¤F¤@¥÷ªø¹F¤Q¥|­¶»PÀù¯g¦³Ãöªº¹AÃĦW³æ¡C

6.2.1.7) ¤Gäú­^ ( Dioxins )¡G

¤Gäú­^¬O¤@ºØ«ù¤[©Ê¦³¾÷¦Ã¬Vª« ( Persistent Organic Pollutants¡GPOPs )¡A¬O§t´âªº¤Æ¾Ç¹Lµ{©Î¿U¿N¹Lµ{ªº°Æ²£«~¡A¬°¥@¤W¬r©Ê³Ì±jªºª«½è¤§¤@¡C¤Gäú­^¤ô·»©Ê§C¡A¿n»E¦bÅ餺¯×ªÕ¡AÃø¥H§â¥¦±Æ¥XÅé¥~¡C¤@ÂIÂI¤Gäú­^¾¯¶q³£¨¬¥H·l®`¤HÃþ²Ó­M²Õ´¡A¥]¬A§K¬Ì¥\¯à´î®z¡B¥Òª¬¸¢©M¨xŦ¥\¯à¥¢½Õ¡B¿}§¿¯f¥H¤ÎÀù¯gµ¥¡Cªk°êÀô«O§½ ( Ministere de l Environnement ) ©ó1998¦~µoªí³ø§i«ü¨C¦~¦³1,800¦Ü5,200¤H¦º©ó»P¤Gäú­^¦³ÃöªºÀù¯g¡C¦Ó¥Ñ©ó¤Gäú­^¥i±q¥ÀÅé¶Çµ¹­L¨à¡A¥H«á¤­¥Nªº¤l¤k¤]¨ü¨ì²Ö¿nªº¤Gäú­^¼vÅT¡C

¤Gäú­^ªº¨Ó·½«Ü¦h¡A¥]¬AµI¤ÆÂåÀø¼oª«¡B«°¥«¼oª«¡B¤U¤ô¦Ãªd©M¨ä¥L§t¦³®`ª«½èªº¼oª«¡F¿ÄÅK©M·ÒÅK¡Fº}¬V¯È¼ß©M¯È±i¡F»s³y¡B¥[¤u©M±ó¸m´â¤Æªº¶ì½¦©Î¨ä¥L¤Æ¾Ç²£«~¡B¨T¨®¼Q¥X¼o®ðµ¥¡FµI¿N®a©~¼oª«¤Î¹A§@ª«¬O¤Gäú­^ªº³Ì¤j·½ÀY¡C¤Gäú­^¦s¦b©óªÅ®ð¡B¤ô¡B¥¤Ãþ²£«~¡B¦×¡B³½¤Î¨©¤¶Ãþ¡A¨ä¤¤§t¶q³Ì°ª¬°ªd¤g¡B®ü¬v¨I¿nª«¤Î°Êª«¡C´ä¤j¤Î¤¤¤j¨â¶¡Âå¾Ç°|¦¬¶°¥À¨Å¬ã¨s´ä¤HÅ餺¤Gäú­^ªº¤ô¥­¡A»P¤G¤Q¤­­Ó°ê®a¤ñ¸û¡A´ä¤Hªº¤Gäú­^¤ô¥­Äݤ¤µ¥¦Ü°¾§C¡A¦Ó¦~¬ö·U¤j¡A¥H¤Î¦Y®üÂA¡B¦×Ãþ©M¥¤»s«~·U¦h¡AÅ餺ªº¤Gäú­^¥ç·|·U¦h¡A97.5%ªº¤Gäú­^¬O¥Ñ­¹ª«¶i¤J¤HÅé¡C

6.2.1.8) ­¹«~²K¥[¾¯ ( Food Additives )¡G

­¹«~²K¥[¾¯¤¤¡A°£´ÔÃþ¡B¾L¡B»[ÀYµ¥¬°¤ÑµM²K¥[ª«¥~¡A·¥¤j³¡¤À¬O¯Â¤Æ¾Çª«½è¡C

6.2.1.8.1) «O¦s¥Î¡]³qºÙ«O¦s¾¯: Preservative ¡^¡G¨¾»G¡B§Ü®ñ¤Æ¡B±þµß¡C

­¹«~¨¾»G¾¯¬O¨¾¤î­¹«~¦]·L¥Íª«¤ÎÅðµß¦Ó»G±ÑÅܽè¡A©µªø«O¦s´Áªº²K¥[¾¯¡A¤À¬°µL¾÷©M¦³¾÷¨â¤jÃþ¡AµL¾÷¨¾»G¾¯¬r©Ê¸û±j¡A¦pµv»ÄÆQ¡B¥ÒîǬ°­PÀùª«½è¡C¥Ø«e¸û¼sªx¨Ï¥Îªº¦³¾÷¨¾»G¾¯¥D­n¦³¦p¤U´XºØ¡A¨Ì¬r©Ê¤j¤p¬°¡G¥h¤ô¾L»Ä¶u ( Sodium Dehydro¢wacetate )¡Ö­f¥Ò»ÄÃþ ( Benzoic Acid )¡Ö¹ïßm°ò­f¥Ò»Äà­Ãþ( Methylparaben )¡Ö¤s±ù»ÄÃþ ( Sorbate )¡C¤s±ù»Ä·|»P­¹ª«¤¤§tÅK®ñ¤Æª«©Î²K¥[ª«µ²¦X¦¨¥i¯à­PÀùª«¡C

¦³¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü¡A»P¶¼­¹¦³ÃöªºÀù¯g¤¤¡A¬ù¦³3%¥ª¥kªº¤H¬O¨ü®`©ó­¹«~¤¤ªº¨¾»G¾¯¡C¤£¤Ö°ê®a¸T¤î¨Ï¥Îªº¨¾»G¾¯¦³¡G¸N¬â ( Borax )¡B¥ÒîÇ¡B¤ô·¨»Ä ( Salicylic Acid)¡BµJºÒ»Ä¤G¤Aà­ ( Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: DEPC ) µ¥¡C

­¹ª«¤¤²K¥[¥ÒîDZ`¬°¤Fº}¥Õ¡B³J¥Õ½è¾®©T¡B¤Î«OÂA¨¾»G¤Wªº§@¥Î¡C­¹¤F§t¦³¥ÒîǪº­¹«~·|¤Þ¦Ü¸z­G¥X¦å¡B¨xµÇ¥R¦å¤Î¦åºÞ©P³ò¤ô¸~¡BµÇ°IºÜµ¥¡A¤@¦¸­¹¤J10¦Ü20²@¤É¥i¤Þ¦Ü©ü°g¡B¥ð§J­P¦º¡C

6.2.1.8.1.1) ¨ÈµvÓi ( Nitrosamines )¡G

¡u¨Èµv»ÄÆQ¡v( Nitrite Nitrogen ) ±`¥Î¨Ó§@¦×Ãþ­¹ª«¨¾»G¤Î¹w¨¾¦×¬r±ìµß¥Íªøªº¨¾»G¾¯¡A¤Î¼W¥[ÃC¦âÂAÆv«×¡A±`¨£ªº¦³­»¸z¡Bþ¦×¡B¤õ»L¡B¼öª¯µ¥¡C§tÓiÃþ ( Amines ) ­¹ª«¥D­n¬°°®Àꪺ®ü²£Ãþ­¹ª«¡A¦³ÄJ³½¡Bõl³½¡B³¹³½¡B³H°®¡B½¼¦Ì°®¡B¾{³½°®µ¥¡C§t¨Èµv»ÄÆQ­¹ª«»P§tÓiÃþ­¹ª«¦X¦Y¡A¦b¸z­G¤¤§Y®e©ö²£¥Í­PÀùª«½è¡G¨ÈµvÓi¡C¨ÈµvÓi¤]ª½±µ¦s¦b·ÏÂt©ÎÆQ¾Mªº¦×Ãþ¤¤¡A¦pÄг½¡BÄЦ׵¥¡C¥t¥~§t¨Èµv»ÄÆQªº­¹ª«ª½±µ¥[¼ö¦pªo¬µ¡B·Î¡B¯Nµ¥¡A¤]·|²£¥Í¨ÈµvÓi¡C§t¡uµv»ÄÆQ¡v( Nitrate ) ªº½­µæ©Î­¹ª«¡A¥Ñ¸z­G¹D²Óµß¥NÁ«á¡A·|²£¥Í¨Èµv»ÄÆQ¡F³J¥Õ½è­¹ª«¸g¸z­G²Óµß¥NÁÂ¥ç§Î¦¨µv»ÄÆQ¡A»P¤fµÄ²Óµß¤À¸ÑÅܬ°¨Èµv»ÄÆQ¡A³£·|¦b¸z­G¹D¤¤¦X¦¨¨ÈµvÓi¡C­¹ª«¤¤ªºµv»ÄÆQ½­µæ¦û86%¡A¦pÅÚ½³¡B¤j¥Õµæ¡Bªàµæ¡B­X¤lµ¥¡C¥t¥~½­µæ¤£·sÂA¡A¤]§t¦³µv»ÄÆQ¦¨¥÷¡C¤HÅé§l¦¬¤j¶qªº¨Èµv»ÄÆQ¡A§Y·|²£¥Í¤¤¬r¡A¤Þ¦Ü¸z­Gª¢¡B©I§l§xÃøµ¥µ¥¡C

­¹ª«¤¤ªº¨ÈµvÓi¡A³Ì¥D­n·|¤Þ°_¸z­G¹D¤Î¨xŦªºÀù¯g¡C±`­¹¥Î¸gÆQ¾M»sªº­¹«~ªº¤H¤h¡A±w¤W­GÀùªº¾÷·|°ª¥X¤»­¿¡C¨ä¥¦¾M»sÃþªº­¹ª«¥]¬A¦³ÆP³½¡BÂæ¥Ê¡B¨§»G¨Å¡B¨§Ã¤Âæ¡B±ö¥Ìµæ¡Bº^µæ¡Bµæ²ã¡B»Äµæ¡BÄе浥¡C

6.2.1.8.1.2) ­¹«~¿ç®g·Ó®gªk ( Food Irradiation )¡G

´åÂ÷¿ç®g ( Ionizing Radiation ) ¥Î¨Ó±þµß¨Ï­¹ª«¤£©ö»G¤Æ¡B§í¨î¹A²£«~µoªÞ¥Í®Ú¡B©µ½w²Ó­M¥Íªø¡B©µªø«O¦s´Á­­¡B¨Ï»Ã¯À¥¢¥h¬¡¤O¥H¨¾¤î­¹ª«Åܽ赥¡C±`¥Îªº¬O¹W¤»¤Q©Î䣤@¤T¤C©Òµo¥X¨Óªº£^®g½u¡A·í¿ç®g½u¬ï³z¹L­¹ª«®É¡A¯à¶q·|³Q§l¦¬¦Ó²£¥Í·sªº¤Æ¦Xª«¡G¦p¤ôªG¸g¿ç®g«á·|²£¥Í¤Ö¶qªº­PÀùª«½è¡G¡u­f¡v( Benzene )¡C

6.2.1.8.1.3) Äú ( Waxes )¡G

¬Y¨Ç¥ÍªG¤W¥ÎªºÄú§t­PÀùª«½è¡u§K¿à±o¡v( Benomyl )¡BSodium Orthophenyl Phenate¡C

6.2.1.8.2) ¥[¤u¥Î ( Additives )¡GµÛ¦â¡B«O¦â¡Bº}¥Õ¡B¥Ì¨ý¡B½Õ¨ý¡B­»®Æ¡C

­¹¥Îªº¤H¤u¦X¦¨¦â¯À¦³¯Ú¯×¬õ¡B³A¨¡¬õ¡BÂfÂc¶À¡BÀQÂÅ©MĬ¤¦¶Àµ¥¤­ºØ¡A¬O±q¥Ûªo©Î·ÑµJªo¤¤´£·Ò¥X¨Óªº¡A´£·Ò¹Lµ{¤¤·|²V¤J¡u­fÓi¡v( Aniline )¡B¯~µ¥¤Æ¾Çª«½è¡A³o¨Çª«½è³£¨ã¦³¤£¦Pªº¬r©Ê¡A¨Ã¥B¦³­PÀù©Ê¡C¥¦­Ì¤À§O¥Î©óªG¥Ä¡B¨T¤ô¡BÅøÀY¥H¤Î¿|ÂIªí­±µ¥¡C¬õ¦â¤G¸¹¡B¥¤ªo¶À¡B»ÄµæªÌ¦â¾¯¬°¥iºÃªº­PÀùª«½è¡C¤H³y¥¤ªoµÛ¦âªº¥¤ªo¶À¡Bª´ºÀ¬õ¡XB¡B¾í¶À¡XSS¡BÆP©Êºi¶À ( Auramine ) µ¥¡A¦b°Êª«¨­¤W³£¯à»¤µoÀù¯g¡C

¡uÀJ¥Õ¶ô¡vªº¥D­n§@¥Î¬Oº}¥Õ¡A©Ò¥H¥[¤FÀJ¥Õ¶ôªº»G¦Ë¤]¦n¡B¦Ì¯»¤]¦n¡AÃC¦â³£·|Åܱo¥Õ«G¡AÀJ¥Õ¶ô¬O¤@ºØ¼@¬rª«½è¡A¹J°ª·Å·|¤À¸Ñ¥X¥ÒîÇ¡A¦³«Ü±jªº­PÀù©Ê¡C

²¢¨ý¾¯ ( Sweetener)¡G¦p©ö¤Þ°_»H¯ÖÀùªº¡u²¢ºë¡v( Cyclamate )¡A¥Ø«e¤w³Q¸T¥Î¡C¡u¿}ºë¡v¡]Saccharin¡^·|¨Ï¦Ñ¹«µo¥Í§¿¹D¸~½F©M«P¨Ï»H¯Ö¤¤²£¥Í­PÀùª«¡C

6.2.1.8.3) ­¹«~»s³y¡G«~½è§ï¨}¡BÆC³y¥Î¡B¿±ÃP¡C

6.2.1.8.4) Àç¾i²K¥[¾¯¡C

6.2.1.9) ¶¼®Æ¡G

6.2.1.9.1) ©@°Ø¶¼®Æ ( Beverage with Caffeine )¡G

¥Î¨Ó°£¥h©@°Ø¦]ªº¡u´â¤Æ¥ÒÖJ¡v¡]Methylene Chloride¡^¬O­PÀùª«½è¡C³n©Ê¶¼®Æ ( Soft Drink ) ¦]±q´â¤ô¦Ó¦¨·|²£¥Í­PÀùª«½è¡u¤T³¿¥ÒÖJ¡v¡] THMs ¡^¡A¤]¥i¯à§t¦³¡u²¢ºë¡v©Î¡u¿}ºë¡v¡C

6.2.1.9.2) °sºë ( Alcoholic Beverage )¡G

³Ü°s®e©ö¤Þ°_¨xÀù¡B¤fµÄÀù¡B«|³ïÀù¡B­¹¹DÀù©M»ó«|Àù¡A¬ù¦³3%ªºÀù¯g¬O»P°sºë¦³Ãö¡C

°sºë¶¼®Æ§t¦³¤£¤Ö­PÀùª«½è¦p¥Ûºø¡B¹]¡B¹AÃÄ¡B¡uÀu¥ß½¦¡v( Urethane )¡B

6.2.1.9.3) ¤ô ( Water )¡G

¦Ã¬V¦aªí­±ªº¤ô©M¦a¤U¤ôªºª«½èºØÃþÁc¦h¡A¤ñ¸û­«­nªº¦³¡G»Ý®ñ¼o±óª«¡B­P¯f¥Íª«¡B¹AÃÄ¡B¥Ûªo¡B¦³®`¤Æ¦Xª«¡B­«ª÷Äݦp¹] ( Lead )¡B¯~ ( Arsenic )¡B¨E ( Mercury )¡B¾N ( Zinc ) ¤ÎÂð ( Cadmium )¡B©ñ®g©Êª«½èµ¥¡C

¦b¨xÀùµo¯f²v©M¦º¤`²v°ª¤§¦a°Ï¶i¦æ²{³õ½Õ¬d¡A³£¸ò©~¥Á¶¼¥Î¨ü¦Ã¬Vªº¦À¶í¡B¤ô·¾Ãþµ¥ª½±µ¦³Ãö¡CUS Geological Surveyµo²{±K¦è¦è¤ñªeªe¤ô§t­PÀù¹AÃÄAtrazine¡G¥i¤Þ°_¸~½F¤ÎÀù¯g¡A¥]¬A¨ÅÀù¡B§Z±_Àù¡B¤l®cÀù¡B¦åÀù¤Î²O¤Ú¸¢Àù¡CAtrazine¹ï¤k©Ê¶Pº¸»X³y¦¨ªºÄY­««áªG¶Èµy¦¸©óDDT¡C

¦]¬°¶¼¤ô¶Ç¬Vªº¬y¦æ¯f³y¦¨¼Æ¥H¤d­pªº¤H¦º¤`¡A¶¼¤ô¶Ç¼½ªº¥D­n¯e¯f¦³¡GÀN¶Ã¡B¶Ë´H¡B¨xª¢¤Îµg¯e¡C¥@¬É¤WÁÙ¦³¼Æ¤Q»õ¤H¡A¯S§O¬O³h½a°ê®a¡A¼ÉÅS¦b¶¼¤ô¶Ç¬Vªº¯e¯f¤§¤¤¡C

¦]¦Ã¬V¦a¤U¤ô¤Î¤gÄ[¦Ó³QÀô«O¸p°Ç¥O¾ãªvªºRCA ( ¬ü°êµL½u¹q¤½¥q )¡AÃö³¬¦h¦~«á¡A¶W¹L20¦W­û¤u³Q³ø¹D±w¤WÀù¯g¡A¥L­Ì³£¬Oªø´Á¶¼¥Î¤½¥q³Q¦Ã¬Vªº¦a¤U¤ô¡C

´â ( Chlorine ) ³Q¥[¤J¤ô¤¤¥Î¨Ó±þµß¡A¦ý·|²£¥Í­PÀù°Æ²£«~¡u¤T³¿¥ÒÖJ¡v¡] Trihalomethanes: THMs ¡^¡Cªñ¦~¤£Â_¦³µo²{«ü¥Xªø´Á¶¼¥Î´â¤ô·|¦M®`°·±d¡A·|¼W¥[¤H­Ì±w¤Wµ²¸zÀù¡BµÇÀù©M»H¯ÖÀùªº¾÷·|¡A¦ô­p¬ü°ê¨C¦~¦Ü¤Ö¦³10,000©vµ²¸zÀù©M»H¯ÖÀùªº­Ó®×»P¶¼¥Î§tTHMsªº¤ô¦³Ãö¡C½Õ¬d¹L¤Q¥|¸U¤@¤d©vÀ¦¨à¥X¥Í­Ó®×ªº®¿«Â¬ã¨s³ø§i«ü¥X¡A¶¼¥Î´â¤ôªº¦a°Ï¡AÀ¦¨à¥X¥Í®É¥X²{¯Ê³´ªº¾÷·|²v·|°ª¥X14%¡C³Ìªñ¤S¦³¬ü°ê¡B¥[®³¤j©M®¿«Â¬ì¾Ç®aªº¬ã¨s«ü¥X¡A´â¤ô¥i¯à¬O¾É­PÀ¦¨à¥X¥Í®É¥X²{¦p¯á¬Wµõµ¥¥ý¤Ñ©Ê¯Ê³´¡A¬Æ¦Ü¥¥°ü½Ï¤U¦º­Lªº¥D­n­ì¦]¡C¥[®³¤j·s¬ì´µ²Ó¨È¬Ù ( Nova Scotia ) ªº¹Fº¸»¨¦è¤j¾Ç ( Dalhousie University ) ¬ì¾Ç®a¥ç´¿¶i¦æÃþ¦ü¬ã¨s¡A¨Ã«ü¥¥°ü­Y¶¼¥Î§t¦³¤j¶qTHM sªº­¹¤ô¡A½Ï¤U¦º­Lªº¾÷·|²v±N¤j¼W¡C

¬ü°ê°ê®aÀù¯g¨ó·| ( National Cancer Association ) µo²{¶¼¥Î´â¤ôªº¤H±w¤W»H¯ÖÀùªº¾÷·|¤ñ±`¤H°ª¨â­¿¡C¬ü°ê¤Æ¾Ç¨ó·| ( American Chemical Society: ACS ) ¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü¦b¤Q¤ÀÄÁªº²O¯D¤¤©Ò§l¤Jªº´â¡A¤ñ¶¼¤J20¥[¨Úªº¤ôÁÙ­n¦h¡C´â¤ô³Q°ª·Å¿NµN«á·|²£¥Í­PÀùª«½è¡u¤T´â¥ÒÖJ¡v( Chloroform )¡C

6.2.1.10) ¥]¸Ë»P®e¾¹¦Ã¬V¡G

¦b¸Jªº¤º­±»P­¹ª«±µÄ²ªº¦a¤è¡A­Y¦³±m¹V©ÎÃC¦â¡A¥[¼ö«á·|¨Ï­«ª÷ÄÝÄÀ©ñ¡C¦³¨Ç«OÂA½¤ªº¶ì¤Æ¾¯§t¦³¡u¤v¤G»Ä¤G¨¯à­¡v( Di-2-ethylhexyl Adipate: DEHA) ©Î ¾F­f¤G¥Ò»Ä¤Gà­ ( Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate: DEHP)¡A¥¦­Ì·|º¯¤J­¹ª«¡A¤×¨ä¬O°ª¯×ªÕªº­¹ª«¡A¨Ã¥B¦b¥[¼ö®É·|¥[³tÄÀ¥X¡ADEHA¦b¶i¦æ¹êÅ窺¦Ñ¹«¤¤¥X²{¨x¸¢½F©MÀù¡C­»´ä®ø¶OªÌ©e­û·|©ó2001¦~2¤ë15¤é³ø¹D´ú¸Õ¤F18´Ú«OÂA¯È¡Aµo²{¦³¤@´Ú§tDEHA¡C·LªiÄl·|§ó¤j¥[³t¦³¬rª«½èº¯¤J­¹ª«¤º¡A¤]±N·Lªi¿ç®gº¯¤J­¹ª«¤º¡C

¤¦³Á¬ì¾Ç®aµo²{¡A¥]¸Ë­¹«~§t¦³­PÀùª«½è¡A¦p¥]»q¦×Ãþ¡B²¢«~¡B¥©§J¤O¡B½Õ¨ý«~µ¥­¹ª«ªº¦h¼h¶ì®Æ½VÀ£Á¡½¤¡C³o¨ÇÁ¡½¤»E¦X¦b¤@°_´N§Î¦¨¤F³Q¥@¬É½Ã¥Í²Õ´©w¬°­PÀùª«½èªº¡u­»Ói¡v( Anisidine )¡C

¼Ú¬wªº´X¦ÊºØ­¹«~ªº©â¼Ë¬d¤¤¡A8%³QÀËÅ窺­¹«~§t­PÀùª«½èªº½¦Åé´Ý¾lª«½è¡A¨ä§t¶q¤j¤j¶W¹L¼Ú¬w¦w¥þ¼Ð²a¹F30¡ã40­¿¤§¦h¡C

6.2.2) ©â·Ï ( Smoking )¡G

­x¨ÆÂå¾Ç¬ì¾Ç°|¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü­»·Ï§t¦³5,068ºØ¤Æ¾Çª«½è¡A¨ä¤¤69ºØ¬°­PÀùª«½è¡A¥]¬A¤@¨Ç«PÀù¾¯©Î»²¬Û­PÀùª«¡A§l¤@¤f·Ï·|²£¥Í¤@¤d¦h­Ó¦Û¥Ñ°ò¡C§l·Ï¥i¥H³y¦¨40ºØ­P©R¯e¯f¡A¥]¬A¤fµÄÀù¡B­¹¹DÀù¡B³ïÀù¡BªÍÀùµ¥¡C¨C¤Ñ©â¤@¥]·Ïªº¤H±o¨ìªÍÀùªº¾÷·|¬O±q¤£©â·Ï¤Hªº¤Q­¿¡F¦b¬ü°ê¡A¶W¹L85%¦]ªÍÀù¦Ó¦ºªº¤H¬O¥Ñ©â·Ï©Ò¤Þ°_¡F­^°ê¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü¨C©â¤@®Ú·Ï«K´î¤Ö11¤ÀÄÁªº¹Ø©R¡F¥þ¥@¬É¨C¦~¦º©ó»P§l烟¦³Ãöªº¯e¯fªº¤H¼Æ°ª¹F300¸U¡A¬Û·í©ó¨C10¬í´N¦³1¤H¦º¤`¡C

§l·Ïªº¤H¥u§l¦¬¬ù10%ªº·Ï¡A¨ä¾lªº³£´²¥¬©óªÅ®ð¤¤¡A¦Ó¶ZÂ÷©â·ÏªÌ¥b¦Ì½d³ò¤º©Ò§l¦¬ªº¤G¤â·Ï§t¶q¤ñ©â·ÏªÌ¤j10­¿¡A¦ô­p¬ü°ê¨C¦~¦º©ó§l¤J¤G¤â·Ïªº¶W¹L38,000¤H¡C¬ü°ê«¢¦ò¤j¾Ç¹ï32,000¦WÅ@¤h§l¤G¤â·Ïªºµ²½×¡G§l¤J¤G¤â·Ïªº¤H¿©±w¤ßŦ¯fªº¦MÀI©Ê´X¥G¬O¤£§l·ÏªÌªº¤@­¿¡C

6.2.3) ¤Æ¾Çª«½è ( Chemicals )¡G

¦Û¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô¥H¨Ó¡A¶W¹L72,000ºØ·sªº¤H¤u¤Æ¦Xª«³Q¨î³y¡A¦ý¥u¦³2%ªº³o¨Ç¤Æ¦Xª«¸g¬r©Ê´ú¸Õ¡C²{¦b¤wª¾»¤µoÀù¯gªº¤Æ¾Çª«½è¤w¦³¤@¤d¦hºØ¡C¾Ú¦ô­p¡A¨C¦~¥þ¥@¬É¬ù¦³6,000ºØ¤Æ¾Çª«½è¦b¹êÅç¸Ì«Ç¦X¦¨¡A¦ý¯u¥¿¯à¹F¨ì°Ó·~¥ØªºªÌ¬ù¥u¦³300¨ì1,000ºØ¡C¥[¦{ª÷¤s¤j¾Ç¡]University of California at San Francisco¡^¾·~»PÀô¹ÒÂå¾Ç¨tªº¥D¥ôJoseph LaDou¦ô­p¬ù¦³10%ªºÀù¯g¬O¥Ñ¤Æ¾Çª«½è©Ò¤Þ°_ªº¡A¦ÓÀù¯g¥i¯à¦b20¨ì25¦~«á¤~·|¦b¤u¤H¨­¤WÅã²{¡C¥t¥~®Ú¾Ú¬ü°ê¾ÇªÌDoll and Petoªº¬ã¨s¡A¤j¬ù4%¥ª¥kªºÀù¯g»P¾·~¦³Ãö¡C

6.2.3.1) ®a©~­PÀù²£«~¡G

¬ü°ê°ê®aÀù¯g¨ó·| ( National Cancer Association ) ªº¤@¶µªø¹F15¦~ªº¬ã¨s³ø§iÅã¥Ü¡A®a®xµN°ü±w¤WÀù¯gªº¾÷·|¤ñ¥~¥X¤u§@ªº¤k©Ê°ª¥Xªñ¤@­¿¡C

¦UºØ­PÀù®a©~²£«~ª«½è¡G

Acid Blue 9¡G¯D«Ç²M¼ä¾¯¤Î°£¨ý¾¯¡FÂð ( Cadmium )¡B¹] ( Lead )¡B¹W ( Cobalt )¡BPCBs¡B¤»´â­f¡]Hexachlorobenzene¡^¡GµeµeÃC®Æ¡F¹ï¤G´â­f ( Paradichlorobenzene )¡G°£¯ä¾¯¤ÎÅXÂÎÃÄ¡FÁC­f¤G¥Ò»Ä¤G²§¨¯à­ ( Dioctyl Phthalate: DOP)¡G½¦¤ô©M¶î§ï²G¡F¾íªo ( Oil of Orange )¡G¦UÃþ²M¼ä¾¯¡B°£¦Ã¾¯¡F´âµâà­ ( Permethrin )¡GÅX°A¾¯¡F¦w¤¦ ( Propoxur )¡B·R¬üªQ¡]Hydramethylnon)¡B·Æ¥Û ( Talc )¡G®a©~°£°AÂξ¯¡FÀô®ñ¤þÖJ ( Propylene Oxide )¡G½¦¤ô¡F³½ÃÃଠ¡]Rotenone¡^¡BTetrachlorvinphos¡G±þÂξ¯¡FSodium Ortho-phenylphenol¡BTrixsodium Nitrilotriacetate¡G¯D«Ç²M¼ä¾¯¡FSolvent Orange 3 Dye/Solvent Red 49 Dye¡G«G¾c¾¯¡F¥|´â¤A²m ( Tetrachloroethylene )¡G°£¦Ã¾¯¡C

6.2.3.2) ­PÀù¤Æ§©«~©M­Ó¤HÅ@²z²£«~¡G

¬ü°ê°ê®a¾·~¦w¥þ¤Î°·±d§½ ( National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health: NIOSH ) ¦b¤@¯ë¤Æ§©«~¤¤µo²{¶W¹L2,500ºØ¤Æ¦Xª«¦³¥i¯à¤Þ¦Ü¸~½F¡BÁc´Þ¨t²Î¤ò¯fµ¥¡C©ó1990¦~¬ü°ê¶W¹L38,000¤H¦]¨Ï¥Î¤Æ§©«~¤Þ¦Ü¨ü¶Ë¦Ó»Ý­n±µ¨üªvÀø¡C

6.2.3.2.1) ¤Æ§©«~ªº¦UºØ­PÀùª«½è¡G

´¹ºAÖº½¦ ( Crystalline Silica )¡B1, 4-¤G®ñ³°éG ( 1, 4-Dioxane )¡G¤@¯ë¤Æ§©«~¡F¤Æ§©«~¤H¤u¦â®Æ¡GBlue 1¡BGreen 3¡BD&C Red 33¡BFD&C Yellow 5¡BFD&C Yellow 6¡B¹]¡FÀY¾v¬V®Æ ( Hair Dyes )¡G¬ü°ê¦³20%±w¤W«D¦óªNª÷¤ó²O¤Ú½F ( Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma: NHL ) ³£¸ò¥ÎÀY¾v¬V®Æ¦³Ãö¡C¤@¨Ç¤Æ§©«~§t¬FÀù¹AÃÄ¡GDDT¡B¦a¯SÆF¡]Dieldrin¡^¡BÆF¤¦( Lindane )¡G·Æ¥Û ( Talc )¡G¯»¸Ë¤Æ§©«~¡A¯à¤Þ¦Ü§Z±_Àù¡F´â¤Æ¥ÒÖJ ( Methylene Chloride )¡G­»¤ô¡F¤G¤A¾JÓi ( Diethanolamine ) DEA¡B¤T¤A¾JÓi ( Triethanolamine: TEA ) §t¨Èµv»Ä ( Nitrite )¡G¦b¤Æ¾Ç§@¥Î¤U·|§Î¦¨¨ÈµvÓi ( Nitrosamines )¡F«O¦s¾¯ ( Bronopol ) ¥i¯à·|¤À¸Ñ¦¨¥ÒîÇ¡APadimate¡ÐO¥ç·|¦b¤Æ¾Ç§@¥Î¤U§Î¦¨¨ÈµvÓi¡FEthoxylated Alcohols¦³¥i¯à§t­PÀù1, 4-¤G®ñ³°éG¡C

6.2.3.2.2) ­Ó¤HÅ@²z²£«~ªº¦UºØ­PÀùª«½è¡G

¥ÒîÇ¡BBNDP¡B·ÑµJªo ( Coal Tar )¡BD&C Red 33¡BFD&C Blue 1¡BFD&C Green 3¡BFD&C Red 4¡BFD&C Red 40¡BFD&C Yellow 6¡BDEA¡BTEA¡BQuaternium¡B»E¤A²m¾J¡]Polyethylene Glycol¡^¡BDMDM Hydantoine¡G¬~¾vÅ@¾v«~¡FAcid Orange 87¡BSolvent Brown 44¡BAcid Blue 168¡BAcid Violet 73¡G¬V¾v¾¯¡FFD&C Blue 1¡BFD&C Green 3¡BFD&C Yellow 5¡B¿}ºë ( Saccharin )¡G¬~¤f¤ô¡FFD&C Blue 1¡B1, 4-Dioxane¡G¤ú»I¡CBHT¡BDEA¡BTEA¡BD&C Red 33¡BD&C Green 5µ¥¡G°£Åé¨ý¾¯¡FDEA¡BTEA¡BBNDP¡GLotions¡FBHT¡BDEA¡BD&C Red 33¡BFD&C Red 4µ¥¡G¨m²G¡C

6.2.3.3) ­PÀù¯¼Â´ª« ( Textile )¡G

6.2.3.3.1) ­PÀù¬V®Æ ( Dye )¡G

­PÀù¬V®Æ ( Dye) ¬O«ü¥¼¸g¹L­ìµ¥¤Æ¾ÇÅܤƧY¯à»¤µo¤HÅéÀùÅܪº¬V®Æ¡A¨ä¤¤³ÌµÛ¦Wªº«~¬õ ( C.I.碱©Ê¬õ9 ) ¬V®Æ¦­¦b100¦h¦~«e¤w³Qµý¹ê»P¨k©Ê»H¯ÖÀùªºµo¥Í¦³ÃöÁp¡C¥Ø«e¤wª¾ªº­PÀù¬V®Æ¦Ü¤Ö¦³7ºØ¡A¥D­n¦³¡u¤A­fÓi¡v( Acetaniline )¡BÁp­fÓi ( Benzidine )¡A2-©`Ói ( 2-Naphthlamine )¡B4-Ói°òÁp­f ( 4-Aminobiphenyl )¡A¼ÉÅS¤u¤Hµo¥Íªº»H¯ÖÀù¸û¤@¯ë¤H¬ù¦­15¦~¡A¨ä¼ç¥ñ´Á¬ù10¦~¡C

¤Q¤E¥@¬ö¡A¦U°ê¾·~©Ê±µÄ²ªÚ­»Ói¤Þ°_ªº»H¯ÖÀù¤H¼Æ¹F¨ì¤T¤d¦h¤H¡C1905¦~¼w°ê½Ã¥Í³¡ªùµo²{¡A¨Ï¥Î«~¬õ¡Bª÷Ói©M萘Óiµ¥¬V®Æªº¤H¸sªº»H¯ÖÀùµo¯f²v©úÅã¼W°ª¡A·ç¤h¤]µo²{¥Í²£¬V®Æªº¤u¤H·¥©ö±w¥Õ¦å¯f¡C

ªÚ­»Ói¤Æ¦Xª« ( Aromatic Amine )¡G

°¸´á¬V®Æ ( Azo Dyestuffs ) ªº»s«~»P¤HÅé¥Ö½§ªø´Á±µÄ²«á¡A©ó¥NÁ¹Lµ{¤¤ÄÀ©ñªº¦¨¤À²£¥ÍÁÙ­ì¤ÏÀ³¡A§Î¦¨­PÀùªº¡uªÚ­»Ói¤Æ¦Xª«¡v¡AªÚ­»Ói¤Æ¦Xª«·|¨Ï¤HÅé²Ó­MDNAªºµ²ºc»P¥\¯à°_ÅܤơA¦¨¬°¤HÅé¯fÅܪº»¤¦]¡C±`¨£§tªÚ­»Ói¤Æ¦Xª«ªº¯¼Â´«~©Î¥Ö­²»s«~¥]¬A¡GªA¸Ë¡B§É¤W¥Î«~¡B¤ò¤y¡B°²¾v¡B´U¤l¡B§¿¤ù¡B½Ã¥Í¥Î«~¡BºÎ³U¡B¾c¼i¡B¤â®M¡BµÃ¿ö±a¡B¤â³U¡B¿ú¥]¡B¦æ§õ½c¡B®y´È®M¡BÀV±¾¦¡¿ú¥]¡B¥¬»s©Î¥Ö»sª±¨ã¡B½u¯½¤Î¥¬®Æµ¥¡C¥Ø«e¥«³õ¤W¬y³qªº¦X¦¨¬V®Æ«~ºØ¬ù¦³2,000ºØ¡A¨ä¤¤¬ù70%ªº³£¬O¥H°¸´á¤Æ¾Ç¬°°ò¦ªº¡C

¯S§O¬O¨º¨Ç³ßÅw«rÄZ¦çªAªºÀ¦¨à§ó¬O®e©öÀH³è²G±N¦³®`¬V®Æ§]¤JÅé内¡C

6.2.3.3.2) ¤­´â­f×ô ( PCP )¡G

PCP¬O¯¼Â´«~¡B¥Ö­²¨î«~¡B¤ì§÷¡B¼ß®Æµ¥©Ò±Ä¥Îªº¶Ç²Î¨¾¾`¨¾»G¾¯¡A°Êª«¸ÕÅçµý©úPCP¬O¤@ºØ¬r©Êª«½è¡A¹ï¤HÅé¨ã¦³­P·î§Î©M­PÀù©Ê¡C

6.2.3.3.3) °ª´â»Ä¤A²m ( Perchloroethylene )¡G

¥Î¤Æ¾ÇÃľ¯¥h°£¦çªA¤Wªº¦Ãº{ªº¹Lµ{³q±`ºÙ¬°¡u°®¬~¡v¡A¡u°ª´â»Ä¤A²m¡v¬O±`¥Îªº°®¬~¾¯¤§¤@¡A¥þ¬ü¤j¬ù¦³¤T¸U®a°®¬~¼t¡A¨ä¤¤¬ù85%¥Î°ª´â»Ä¤A²m¡C¬ü°êÀô«O¸p ( EPA ) §â³o¤Æ¾Ç²£«~¦C¤J­PÀùÃþ¡A¬ü°ê®ø¶OªÌÁp·ù ( Consumers Union ) ©ó1996¦~©Ò¥Xª©ªº¡m®ø¶OªÌ³ø§i¡n¤¤«ü¥X¡A¦b¨C¬P´Á³£¬ï­è°®¬~§¹¦çªAªº¤H¤¤¡A¨C6,700¤H¤¤´N¦³¤@¤H·|¦]§l¤J¦çªA¸Ì´Ý¦sªº°ª´â»Ä¤A²m¦Ó±oÀù¯g¡C°ê¥ß¾·~¦w¥þ»P°·±d¬ã¨s©Ò ( Occupational Safety & Health Administration: OSHA ) ¦b¤@¤E¤E¥|¦~¥Xª©ªº¤@½g³ø§i¤¤«ü¥X¡A°®¬~¼t¤u¤H¿©±w­¹¹DÀùªº¾÷·|¬O´¶³q¤Hªº¤C­¿¡A¿©±w»H¯ÖÀùªº¾÷·|¬O¨â­¿¡C¤@¤E¤E¥|¦~ªº¥t¤@½g³ø§i«ü¥X¡A¦b³Â¬Ù³Ü¤F§t°ª´â»Ä¤A²mªº¤ôªº¤H±o¥Õ¦å¯fªº¾÷·|¡A¬O°ª©ó¨S³Ü³oºØ¤ôªº¤H¤­¦Ü¤C­¿¡C

6.2.3.4) ¹q¸£¹q¤l­PÀù®É¥N¡G

1996¦~128¦WIBM­û¤u¤Î¨ä®a¤H¡]¨ä¤¤¤w¦³11¤H¦º©óÀù¯g¡^¡A±±§i¤Æ¾Ç»s³y¼t¬_¹F¤½¥q ( Eastman Kodak Company )¡BUnion Corporation¡BJ.T. Borer©MKIT Chemicals¡C¥L­Ì«ÅºÙ¥Ñ©ó¤u§@®É¼ÉÅS©ó¦MÀIªº¤Æ¾Çª«½è¤¤¡A¨Ï¥L­Ìªº°·±d¨ü¨ìÄY­«ªº¶Ë®`¦pÀù¯g©M¬y²£¡CĬ®æÄõªºGreenockªº°ê®a¥b¾ÉÅé¤u¼t70¦W¤k¤u±±§i¤½¥q¡A«ÅºÙ¦o­Ì¦³¤FÀù¯g©M¥Í´Þ°ÝÃD¡C

¥b¾ÉÅé¼t°Ó¥Î¤F¤j¶qªº¦³¬rª«½è¥h»s³y¹q¸£°t³Æ¡A¨C¦~2200»õªºª¿´¹¤ù»s³y¥Xªº¦³¬rª«½è¬OÅå¤Hªº¡A¦p¡u°ª«×»G»k©Êªº´â¤Æ²B»Ä¡v( Hydrochloric Acid )¡FÁÙ¦³´§µo©Êªº·»¾¯¡A¹³¬O¡u¥Ò­f¡v( Toluene )¡B­f¡B¤þଠ( Acetone ) ©M¡u¤T´â¤A²m¡v( Trichloroethylene )¡FÁÙ¦³¦³¬r®ðÅé¦p¡u¯~¤Æ²B¡v( Arsine )¡C³\¦h¤W­zªºª«½è¤wª¾¡A©Î¦³«Ü¤jªº¥i¯à¬O­PÀùª«½è¡C®Ú¾ÚThe Environmental Magazine1997¦~5-7¤ë¸¹ªº¤@½g¤å³¹«ü¥X¡A¤@¤ù8­^¦T¹q¸£´¹¤ùªº»s³y¹Lµ{»Ý¯Ó¶O27½Sªº¤Æ¾Çª««~¡B29¥ß¤è­^§`ªº¦MÀI®ðÅé¡B²£¥Í¤F9½S¦³®`¼o±óª«»P378¥[¨Úªº¼o¤ô¡AµM«á»Ý­n§ó¦hªº¤Æ¾Çª«½è¨Ó¥h°£¬r©Ê¡C¦bª¿¨¦¡A¦³³\¦h³£Àx¦s¦b¦a¤U¤j¤ô¼Ñ¤¤¡A¨ä¤¤³\¦h¦³¬rªº¼o±óª«º¯³z¶i¦a¤U¤ô¤¤¡C¦b·í¦aªº¶¼¥Î¤ô¤¤µo²{¤F¶W¹L100ºØªº¦Ã¬Vª«¡A¥B³£¹F¨ì¤F¦MÀI¶q¡C

¬ü°ê³Ò¤u§½©ó1999¦~4¤ëµo¦æªº³Ò¤u²Î­p¸ê®ÆÅã¥Ü¡A¥b¾ÉÅé²£·~¤u¤H±o¨ì¾·~¯fªº¾÷²v¬O¨ä¥L»s³y³¡ªù¤u¤Hªº¨â­¿¡C

6.2.3.5) ¦L¨ê·~¡G

³ø¯È¤W§¡¦³¶Â¦âªo¾¥¦Lªº¦r¡A¦L¼@¼t±Ä¥Îªºªo¾¥­ì®Æ°ò¥»¤W³£§t¦³¬rª«½è¡A¦p­f¡B¥Ò­f¡B¤G¥Ò­f ( Xylene )¡BPVC¡B½kª¬¾ð¯×µ¥¡C¥Î¼o³ø¯È¥]¸Ë­¹ª«¡A©ö¦Ã¬V­¹«~¡A¨Ï¤HÅé¨ü®`¡C¾Ú³ø¹D¡A¦³ªº¬r¯À¯à¤Þ°_¤HÅé²Ó­MªºÀùÅÜ¡A¦³ªº¬Æ¦Ü¯à¯}Ãa²Ó­MªºÀùÅÜ¡A¦³ªº¬Æ¦Ü¯à¯}Ãa²Ó­Mªº¿ò¶Ç°ò¦]¡A¦M®`¤U¤@¥N¡C

6.2.3.6) ¨ä¥¦­PÀù¤Æ¦Xª«¡G

¯~»P¨ä¨äª÷Äݱ`¨Ã¦s·Ò»É³õ¤u¤H±o¨ìªÍÀùªº¾÷²v¸û°ª¡A¼QÅx§t¯~¹AÃĤ]¥i±o¨ìªÍÀù¡C¹\Äq¤u¤H¼ÉÅS©óÏl®ð¤]¥i­PªÍÀù¡C»Ìªº¼ÉÅS±`µo¥Í¦b¹qÁá³õ¡A°£¤F¨ë¿E»ó¤¤¹jÂH½¤³y¦¨¼ìºÅ¤Î¬ï¤Õ¥~¡A¤]¥i³y¦¨ªÍÀù¡Cªã¤l®ð ( Mustard Gas ) ªº»s³y¤u¤HªÍÀùªº¤ñ¨Ò¸û°ª¡C¹e¤¸¯À¤Î¹e¤Æ¦Xª« ( Beryllium and its compounds ) ·|­PªÍÀù¡CÂ줸¯À¤ÎÂì¤Æ¦Xª« ( Nickel and its compounds ) ·|¾É­PªÍÀù¤Î»óÀù¡A¥D­n¬O¾·~©Ò»Ý¡A¦ÓÃnÅS¦b´£·ÒÂìª÷Äݪº¤u¼t¤Î²k±µ¼tµ¥°ª¦MÀIÀô¹Ò¡C·ÑµJªo ( Tar )¡BÃw«C ( Pitch )¡B·Ñ·Ï ( Soot ) ¼ÉÅS»P¥Ö½§Àùªº¬ÛÃö¡C

6.2.3.6.1) ­f ( Benzene )¡G

­fµL¦âµL¨ý¡A¥Û¤Æ¤u¼t¡B¥Ûªoºë·Ò¤u¼t¡B¾ó½¦½ü­L¤u¼t¡B¦L¨ê¼t¡B»s¾c¼t¡B¨Tªo¤¤¦³­f¡A­»·Ï¤¤¤]§t­f¡A­fªº«æ©Ê¤j¶q¼ÉÅS·|¼vÅT¤¤¼Ï¯«¸g¨t²Î¡A·|ÀY·w¡B¬Æ¦Ü¯«´¼¤£²M¡A°ª¹F20,000 ppmªº­f·|¦b¤­¨ì¤Q¤ÀÄÁ¤º­P¤H©ó¦º¡C­f¶i¤J¨­Å餧«á¡A·|¶i¤@¨B¥Ñ¨xŦ¤Î°©Å誺»Ã¯À¥NÁ¦¨¦³¬rªº¤Æ¾Çª«¡A¼ÉÅS5-15¦~¤§«á·|¤Þ°_¦åÀù¡CNIOSH¶i¦æ¥@¥N¬ã¨s¡Aµo²{¥Õ¦å¯f¤Î¦hµo©Ê°©Åè½F»P­f¼ÉÅS¦³Ãö¡C

6.2.3.6.2) ¥ÒîÇ ( Formaldehyde )¡G

¥ÒîǨӷ½¤ÑªáªO¡BÀð¯È¡Aªoº£©M¶î®Æ³Ã­Ñµ¥¸Ë¹¢§÷®Æ¡B¤ÆÅÖ¦a´à©Mªwªj¶ì®Æ¡B¦³¨ÇªÚ­»¾¯¡B±þ°A²G¤]§t¦³¥ÒîǦ¨¤À¡A¥Õ®¼©Î§K¿Sªº¦çª«³£§t¦³¥ÒîǦ¨¤À¡C2004¦~08¤ë12¤é¤¤°ê°ê®a½èÀËÁ`§½¤½§Gªº§É¤W¥Î«~©âÀ˵²ªGªí©ú¡A136®a¥ø·~ªº149ºØ²£«~¤¤ªº¥Òîǧt¶q¶W¥X°ê®a¼Ð·Ç50­¿¡C

6.2.3.6.3) ¨ÈµvÓi ( Nitrosamines )¡G

¨ÈµvÓi¬O¤@ºØ¬Û·í´¶¹M¤Î±j¯P¬r©Êªº­PÀùª«½è¡A¼sªxªº¦s¦b­¹ª«¡B·Ï¡B°s¡B§¿¤ù¡B­Ó¤HÅ@²z²£«~¡B¤ÎÂb·}¤¤¡A¥H­»·Ï¤¤ªº¿@«×¯S§O°ª¡C¦b°Êª«¹êÅ礤¡A¨ÈµvÓiªº±j¯P¨x¬r©Ê·|¤Þ°_¨xª¢¡B¨xµw¤Æ¡B¥B·|¤Þ°_¤fµÄÀù¡B­¹¹DÀù¡B»óÀù¡B®ðºÞÀù¡BªÍÀù¡B¨xÀù¤Î¯ØŦÀùµ¥¡C

¼w°ê¬ì¾Ç®a³Ìªñ¬ã¨sµo²{¡A¥Ø«e¥«³õ¤Wµ´¤j³¡¤Àªº¦w¥þ®M§t¦³­PÀùª«½è¨ÈµvÓi¡C

6.2.3.6.4) Àô¹Ò²üº¸»X ( Environmental Hormone )¡G

Àô¹Ò²üº¸»X¬O¤@¨Ç¤H¤u¤Æ¦Xª«¡A·í¶i¤J¨­Åé«á¡A«K·|²£¥ÍÃþ¦ü¥Íª«Å餺²üº¸»Xªº®ÄÀ³¡Aª½±µ¨ë¿E©Î§í¨î¤º¤Àªc¨t²Î¡A²£¥Í¸~½F¡B·î­L¡B¬ðÅܵ¥¯fÅܩΩʧO¿ù¶Ãµ¥¥Íª«©Êªº¤z¯A©ÎÂZ¶Ã®ÄÀ³¡A¦]¦¹Âå¾Ç¬ÉºÙ¬°¡u¤º¤Àªc¤zÂZ¤Æ¾Çª«½è¡v¡]Endocrine Disruption Chemicals: EDCs¡^¡CÀô¹Ò²üº¸»X¥i¼~¤§³B§Y¦b©ó³oºØÂßÅé»P¡u°ò¦]Âù­«®ÄÀ³¡v¡]Somatic and Genetic Effects¡^ªº¦M®`¯S½è¡A¥[¥H³oÃþª«½èªº¤À¸Ñ©Î¥NÁ³t²v·¥§C©Î¤£¤À¸Ñ¡A¦]¦Ó©¹©¹¥i¥Hªø´Á¦s¯d¦bÀô¹Ò¤¤¡B¬yÂà©ó­¹ª«ÃìÅé¨t¤º¡A©Ò¥H¤S¦³¡u«ù¤[©Ê¦³¾÷¦Ã¬Vª«¡v( POPs¡^ªº´c¦W¡C²{¤µ³Qµo²{ªºÀô¹Ò²üº¸»X°_½X¦³67ºØ¡A¦pPCBs¡B¥Ûºø¡B¤Gäú­^¡BDDTµ¥¡A¥¦­Ì±q­¹ª«¡B¨¾³E¤úÃÄ¡BÀ\¨ã¡Bª±¨ã¡B§¿¥¬¡B¤ôºÞ¡B¬~¼äºëµ¥¤é±`ª««~¤¤·Ê·ÊÄÀ¥X¡C²{¤µ«Ü¦h¨kÅܤk©M¤kÅܨk¡A³o«K¬O¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó«Ü¤jªº­ì¦]¡C

6.2.3.6.5) ¾F­f¤G¥Ò»Ä¤Gà­ ( DEHP )¡G

DEHP¬°³n½è¶ì½¦²£«~¤¤¨Ï¥Î³Ì¦hªº¶ì¤Æ¾¯¡A¨ÏPVC¦³¼u©Ê¡B©Ô¤O©M©ö©ó¦¨«¬¡A¤×¨ä¦bÂåÀø¾¹§÷¤¤ªºÂIºw¡B¿é¦å¡B¥H¤ÎÄé­¹µ¥¶ì½¦®e¾¹¡]§t¶q¹F20-40¢H¡^¤Î¶ì½¦ºÞ½u¡]§t¶q¥i°ª¹F80¢H¡^²K¥[³Ì¦h¡F¦Ó¦³¨Ç«OÂA½¤©M³n½è¶ì½¦ª±¨ã¥ç²K¥[DEHP¡CDEHP¤w³Q¦C¦W¬°ºÃ¦üÀô¹Ò²üº¸»X¡A¥xÆW¤]¦C¤J²Ä¥|Ãþªº¬r©Ê¤Æ¾Çª«½è¡C

6.2.3.6.6) Àô®ñ¤AÖJ ( Ethylene Oxide )¡G

Àô®ñ¤AÖJ¦b«Ç·Å¤U¬O¤@ºØµL¦â©ö¿U¤§®ðÅé¡AÂå°|¤¤¥i§@¬°ÂåÀø»ö¾¹ªº®ø¬rª«½è¡A¨ä¥¦¤]¥i§@¬°±þµß¾¯¡B·»¾¯¤Î¶ì¤Æ¾¯¡A¨Ã¥i¥Î¨Ó»s³y¯S®í·»¾¯¡B§Ü­á¾¯¡B»Eà­¾ð୤ΫDÂ÷¤l¤¶­±¬¡©Ê¾¯¡A¨ä¬r©Ê¬O¨Ó¦Û©ó¨­Åé³\¦h¦³¾÷ª«½è³Q¨äÖJ°ò¤Æ¡Cªø´Á§l¦¬Àô®ñ¤AÖJ·|³y¦¨¬y²£¡BÀù¯g¡B¥Õ¤º»Ù¡B¯«¸g¨t²Îµ¥¤ò¯f¡C

6.2.3.6.7) »E´â¤A²m ( Polyvinyl Chloride: PVC¡^¡G

PVC¬O·¥¤§±`¥Îªº¶ì½¦¡A¨C­Ó¤H¦b¤é±`¥Í¬¡¤¤³£¥²·|±µÄ²¨ì¡A¥]¬A¥Î¨Ó»s³y¾ÉºÞ¡B¹q½u¡B¹qÆl¥~¥]¡B¦aªO¡B®a®x¸Ë¹¢¡Bª±¨ã¡B¥]¸Ë¡B¦çªA¡B¤ôºÞ¡B­¹ª«©M¶¼®Æªº¥]¸Ë¡B¨T¨®¹s¥ó©MŨ¹Ô¡B§N´C©M®ðÅé±À¶i¾¯¡CPVC§t¦³¡u´â¤A²m¡v( VCM )¡AVCM¨ã¦³­PÀù©Ê¡A¥þ¥@¬É±q1974¨ì1986¦~¤§¶¡¤w¸gµo²{120­Ó¨x¦åºÞ¦×½Fªº®×¨Ò»PVCMªº¼ÉÅS¦³Ãö¡C©Ò¥H¤£©y¥H¶ì½¦®e¾¹¸Ë¼ö­¹¡A¥H¨¾´â¤Aµ}³æÅéÄÀ¥X¡C

6.2.3.6.8) ¦h´âÁp­f ( Polychlorinated Biphenyls: PCBs )¡G

PCBs©ó1929¦~³Q¨Ï¥Î©ó¤u·~¬É¡A¥D­n¥Î³~¥]¬A¹q®ðµ´½tªo¡B¼ö·ÑÅé¡B·PÀ³¦¡½Æ¼g¯È¡B¦L¨êªo¾¥¡B¶î®Æ¡B¼í·Æªoµ¥¡C¤j¦è¬vªº®üÂAÅ餤PCBs´¿¹F¼Æ¦Êppm¡C¬ü°ê¯Ã¬ù¦{ªº«¢¼w»¹ªe ( Hudson River )¡A³q¥Î¹q¾¹¤½¥q1976¦~¥H«e¤£Â_¦³»s³y¹q®e¾¹¡A±NPCBs±Æ¤Jªe¤¤¡Aªe¤¤Gold FishÅ餺PCBs§t¶q°ª¹F41-1834 ppm¡C¹q¤O³]³Æ¤Î²£«~§¡´¶¹M¨Ï¥ÎPCB¡APCBs³Qµo²{´¶¹M¦s¦b©ó¥þ¥@¬É¡A¬Æ¦Ü©ó¤@¨Ç·s¥ÍÀ¦¨àªº¦å²G¤¤¡C

6.2.4) ¿ç®g ( Radiation )¡G

¿ç®g¼ÉÅS®Éªº¦~ÄÖ¶V»´¡B¼ÉÅSªº®É¶¡¶Vªø¡B¼ÉÅS¾¯¶q¶V°ª¡B¦X¨Ö­PÀùª«½è¶V¦h¡A«hµo¥ÍÀù¯gªº¾÷·|¶V¤j¡A¿ç®g¼ÉÅS»PÀù¯gªºµo¥Í¥i¯à»Ý­n¤T¦Ü¤T¤Q¦~¥H¤Wªº¼ç¥ñ´Á¡C

§Ú­ÌªºªÅ¶¡§ó¬O¥Rº¡¤F¦UºØ¬Ý¤£¨ìªºµL½u¹qºÏªi¡A±q50Hz ( ÀW²v¨C¬í50¦¸ ) ©Î60Hz¨ì·Lªi ( ÀW²v¨C¬í¤Q¦h»õ ) ¤§¶¡©Ò¦³ªºÀW²v¡A¦p¦pX¥ú¡B¹q¸£¡B¤â´£¹q¸Ü¡B·LªiÄl¡BX-Ray¡B¨ä¥¦¹q¾¹µ¥¡B¼s¼½¡B­x¨Æ¤Wªº¹p¹Fµ¥¡A¬O¦a²y¦ÛµM¹qºÏ³õ ( Electromagnetic Fields: EMFs ) ªº¤@¦Ê¸U­¿¡A¤£½×°ª©Î§C¾¯¶q¿ç®g¤Î¹qºÏªi³£·|¹ï¤HÅ馳®`¡C

¨©§JÂå¥Í ( Robert Becker. M.D.) Á`µ²¤­¤Q¦~ªº¬ì¬ã¡A¦³Ãö¦UºØ¹qºÏªi¹ï¤HÅé©M¥Íª«ªº¼vÅT¦³¤C¶µ¡G

i) ¼vÅT¥Íªø¤¤ªº²Ó­M¡A¦p¼W¥[Àù²Ó­Mªº¤ÀµõÁc´Þ¡C
ii)
¼W¥[¬Y¨ÇÀù¯gµo¯f²v¡C
iii)
¤Þ°_­F­L¦¨ªøªºÅܧó¡C

iv) §ïÅܯ«¸g¤Æ¾Çª«ªº¤Àªc©M»s³y¡A¤Þ°_¦æ¬°¤Wªº§ïÅÜ¡A¨Ò¦p¦Û±þ¡C
v)
§ïÅܥͪ«ªº³W«ß¡C
vi)
¹qºÏªi©Ò¤Þµo¨­Åé¹ïÀ£¤OªºÀ³ÅÜ¡A³y¦¨§K¬Ì¥\¯à´î°h¡C
vii)
¾Ç²ß¯à¤O´î§C¡C

¬ü°êÀô¹Ò½Ã¥Í¬ã¨s¤¤¤ß¿Ô¸ß©e­û·|µý¹ê¹qºÏªi¬O­PÀùª«½è¡A¦í¦b°ªÀ£¹q¯¸ªþªñªº«Ä¤l±w¤W¦åÀùªº¾÷·|°ª¨â¦Ü¤T­¿¡C­^°êª«²z¾Ç®a³ø¹D®a©~¤¤¹q¾¹©Ò²£¥Íªº¹qºÏªi·|¾É­PÀù¯g¡C­^°ê¡m·s¬ì¾Ç®a¡n( New Scientist ) Âø»x«ü¥X¹qºÏªi³y¦¨¦Ñ¦~·ö§b¯g¡C¬ì¾Ç®a¥ç³ø¹D¤â´£¹q¸Üªº¿ç®g¨¬¥H¥Oµo¨|¤¤ªºÂû­F­L·î§Î¡Cªø´Á¨Ï¥Î¹q¸£ªº¤k¤h¡A¬y²£©Î­F­L·î§Îªºµo¥Í²v¤ñ¨ä¥L¤H°ª40%¡C¯Ã¬ù½Ã¥Í§½ªº¹êÅç¡AÅã¥Ü¥Î60Hzªº¹qºÏªi³sÄò·Ó®g24¤p®É«á¡AÀù²Ó­MªºÁc´Þ²v§Ö¤W´X¦Ê­¿¡C­^°ê¤û¬z¤j¾Ç©M­^°êÀù¯g¬ã¨s©Òªº¬ã¨sµo²{¡A­^°ê¨C¤@¤d©vÀù¯g¤¤¡A¦³6©v¬Û«H¥ÑX®g½u©Ò¤Þ°_¡A¬ü°ê¦³9©v¡A¤é¥»«h°ª¹F32©v¡A¦Ó·Ó¤@¦¸CT¬Ûµ¥©ó·Ó1,000¦¸ªºX Ray¿ç®g¡A¥çµ¥¦PÂ÷­ì¤l¼uÃz¬µ2,400¦Ì¥~ªº¿ç®g¡C70ªº¦~¥N¯Ã¬ù¦{¤ô¤û«°¬¥´µºû¤½¶é¬ö©À©Òªº¡u¤T¨¤¬w¥Õ¦å¯f½Õ¬d¡v( Tri-state Lenkemia Survey ) ¬ã¨s¥|¦~«áµo²{¡A±w¤W¥Õ¦å¯fªº¥D­n­ì¦]¬O¶EÂ_¥ÎªºX Ray¡F¥Íª«²Ó­M¤Î¤À¤l¾Ç±Ð±ÂDr. John William Gofman©ó1995¦~¥Xª©ªº¡m¨¾¤î¨ÅÀù¡n¤¤«ü¥X¡A¦³75%ªº¨ÅÀù¬O¨Ó¦ÛÂå¾Ç¤WªºÂ÷¤l¿ç®g¡A¨C¦~¦³78,000¤H¬O¦]¬°·ÓX Ray¦Ó¤Þ­PÀù¯g¡F1993¦~¬ü°ê°ê®aÀù¯g¾Ç·|ªº¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü¡A±µ¨ü¤ÆÀøªº§Z±_Àù¤k©Ê¡A¤ñ¥¼¦³±µ¨üªÌ±w¤W¦åÀùªº¾÷·|¬O100­¿¡C

¿D¬wÂå¾ÇÂø»x¥ç«ü¥X¹q¾¹ªº¹qºÏªi·|¦³85%ªº¾÷·|¤Þ¦Ü17·³¥H¤Uªº«Ä¤l±w¤W¥Õ¦å¯f¡C

­ì¤l¼u¥ÍÁ٪̴c©Ê¥Òª¬¸¢½Fµo¥Í²v°ª¡A¦P®É¼ÉÅSµo¥Í¦b30·³¥H«eªº¥ÍÁ٪̡A¦M®`¸û¤j¡C­ì¤l¼u¥Í¦sªÌ¼ÉÅS¶W¹L10 rads»P¨ÅÀùªºµo¥Í¦³¾¯¶q¤ÏÀ³Ãö«Y¡A¤@¯ë¼ç¥ñ´Á¶W¹L¤Q¦~¡C¤é¥»ªº­ì¤l¼u¥Í¦sªÌ¦b¼ÉÅS¤T¦~«á¡A¥Õ¦å¯f§Y¥i¯à¥X²{¡A³Ì°ªªºµo¥Í´Á¶¡¦b5¦Ü10¦~¡C

¦b¯Ã¿A¦è¦{ªº¤@­Ó¤p«°Vernon¤H¤f¼Æ¶È¤G¸U¤­¤d¦Ó¤w¡A¦ý¨ä·LªiÂà°e¥xªº¼Æ¶q«o°ª©~¬ü°ê²Ä¤­¡A¶È¦¸©ó¯Ã¬ù¡BªÛ¥[­ô¡B¹F©Ô´µ©Mª÷¤s¡A¨º¨à´¼»Ù¨àªº¤ñ²v¬O¥þ¬ü°ê¥­§¡­Èªº¤@¤d­¿¡A¤@¤E¤K¤­¦~ªº¤@¶µ³ø¾É ( Ruey Lin ) «ü¥X¡A®ü­x¹p¹F¤u§@¤H­û±o¸£½Fªº¤ñ¨Ò¶W¹L¨S¦³±µÄ²·Lªiªº¤u§@¤H­û¡C

©ñ®g½u¡B­f¤Î¤Æ¾ÇªvÀøÃĪ«»P«æ©Ê¦å²G¯f¦b«Ü¦h¬y¦æ¯f¾Ç¬ã¨s¤¤³£³ø§i¹L¡C«æ©Ê¥Õ¦å¯f¦b©ñ®g½uÂå®v¤¤¤ñ¨ä¥LÂå®v°ª¬ù10­¿¡C¤u¤H¤u§@©ó®Ö¸Õ³õ©Î®Ö¯à³]¬I¥]¬Aµo¹q¼t¡A®Ö¼çÄ¥¬Ò¦³±w¥Õ¦å¯f ( ¦åÀù ) ¤§³ø§i¡C

6.2.4.1) ¶§¥ú ( Sun )¡G

¬t´âºÒ¤Æ¦Xª« ( CFCs ) ¬O¯}Ãa¯ä®ñ¼hªº¥û¤â¡A¯ä®ñ¼h¶V¨Ó¶VÁ¡¡A¥Oµµ¥~¥ú¼W¦h¡A¾É­P¥Ö½§Àù¡B¥Õ¤º»Ùµ¥¡C¦]¦¹«Øij¤£­n©ó¦­¤W¤Q®É¦Ü¤U¤È¤G®É¤§¶¡ªø®É¶¡·Ó¤Ó¶§¡C¥Ö½§Àù¸û±`¨£©ó¥ÕºØ¤H¡A¶ÀºØ¤H¸û¤Ö¨£¡C

6.2.5) ªÅ®ð ( Air )¡G

²{¤µ´X¥G¥þ²y¨C¤@¨¤¸¨³£¦³ªÅ®ð¦Ã¬V°ÝÃD¡A·UÁcºaªº¦a¤è¡A¦Ã¬V·UÄY­«¡C¦³³ø§iÅã¥ÜªÅ®ð¦Ã¬V³y¦¨¶ø¦a§Q¡Bªk°ê©M·ç¤h¤@¦~¬ù¦³¥|¸U¤H¦º¤`¡B¤Þ¦Ü¨â¸U¦h¤H±w¤W®ð³Ý¯f¡B¤Þµo50¸U¦h©v®ð³Ý¯fµo§@¡C¡uÃú³£¡v­Û´°©ó1873¦~©M1911¦~ªºªÅ®ð¦Ã¬V¨Æ¥ó¦U³y¦¨¬ù700¤H©M1,150¤H¦º¤`¡F¦Ó1952¦~¥V¤Ñ¡A«ùÄò¤F5¤Ñªº¨º¦¸¨Æ¥ó«h¹Ü¨«¤Fªñ4,000­Ó­Û´°¥«¥Áªº©Ê©R¡C¤¤°ê«Ç¤º¸Ë¹¢¨ó·|Àô¹ÒÀË´ú¤¤¤ß³zÅS¡A¥þ°ê¨C¦~¥Ñ«Ç内ªÅ®ð¦Ã¬V¤Þ°_ªº¦º¤`¤H¼Æ¶W¹L¤Q¤@¸U¤H¡A¨C¤Ñ¤j¬ù¬O304¤H¡C¬ü°êÀô¹Ò«OÅ@¸p ( Environmental Protection Agency: EPA ) ¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü«Ç¤º¦UºØ¤Æ¦Xª«©Ò´§µo¥X¨Óªºª«½è¡A¤ñ«Ç¥~ªºªÅ®ð¦Ã¬Vµ{«×ÁÙ­n°ª70­¿¡C¥@¬É½Õ¬dµ²ªGÃÒ©ú¡G¤j®ð¦Ã¬V»PªÍÀùªº°ªµo¯f²v¦³©úÅãÃö«Y¡A«°¥«ªºªÍÀùµo¯f²v©úÅã°ª©ó¹A§ø2¡ã3­¿¡C

¿ì¤½«ÇªºªÅ®ð½Õ¸`¨t²Î¯Ê¥F¨¬°÷ªº·sÂAªÅ®ð¤Î±þµß¸Ë³Æ¡A·í¤¤ªº®ñ®ð§t¶q¤£Â_­°§C¡A¦Ó«Ç¤º«Ø¿v§÷®Æ´§µoªº¦³¬r®ðÅé¡B¦³®`ªº¿¤¯B²É¤l¡B¤G®ñ¤ÆºÒ¡B±a¯fªÌªº¯fµß©M­»·Ïµ¥µ¥¤£Â_¿n²Ö¡A¥[¤W¶§¥ú·Ó®g¤£¨¬¡A¨Ï«Ç¤ºªº·Å«×©MÀã«×¥[³t¯fµßªºÁc­l¡A¤Þ°_«Ü¦h¤ò¯f¤Î¤£¾A¡A³oºÙ¬°¡uªÅ½Õ¯g­Ô¸s¡v¡C¬ü°ê¨È§Q®á®³¤j¾Ç¤@¶µªº¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü¡A¿ì¤½«Ç¸Ìªº²Óµß³ºµM¬O§¤´Zªº400­¿¡A¨ä¤¤¹q¸Üªº²Óµß³Ì¦h¡A¨ä¦¸¬OÁä½L©M·Æ¹«¡C

ªÅ®ð¦Ã¬Vª«¥D­n¥]¬A¡RÄa¯B²É¤l ( Suspended Particulate: SP )¡B¥Ûºø ( Asbestos )¡B¤@®ñ¤ÆºÒ ( CO )¡B¤G®ñ¤ÆºÒ( CO2 )¡B¤G®ñ¤Æ´á ( NO2 )¡B¥ÒîÇ ( Formaldehyde )¡B´§µo©Ê¦³¾÷ª«½è ( VOCs )¡BÏl®ð ( Radon )¡B¤G®ñ¤Æ²¸ ( SO2 )¡B¯ä®ñ ( O3 )¡B¥Íª«©Ê®ð½¦ ( Bioaerosols¡G¯uµß¡B²Óµß¡B¤Î¹L±Ó­ìµ¥ )¡B¹ÐÂÚ ( Dust Mite )¡C

6.2.5.1) Äa¯B²É¤l¡G

¾Ú¬ã¨s¡AªÅ®ð¤¤Äa¯B²É¤lªº¿@«×¨C¼W¥[¤@­¿¡A¦º¤`²v§Y¼W¥[15%¡CÄa¯B²É¤l·|³q¹L©I§l¨I¿n¦bªÍ³¡¡A§l¤J§tÖº ( Silicon ) ªº¯»¹Ð§ó·|¹ï¤HÅé³y¦¨¥Ã¤[¶Ë®`¡C­»·Ï¹Ð²É®|¤p¡AÂX´²¤O±j¡Aªø´Á§l¤J¥i¥H¾É­PªÍÀù¡C

6.2.5.2) ¨T¨®ªº¼o®ð¡G

¨T¨®©Ò±Æ©ñªº¼o®ð§t¦³¤@®ñ¤ÆºÒ ( CO )¡BºÒ²B¤Æ¦Xª« ( HC )¡B´á®ñ¤Æ¦Xª« ( NOx )¡B²¸®ñ¤Æ¦Xª« ( SOx) µ¥¡C40%~50%©Ò§l¤Jªº¼o®ð·|³y¦¨¹]¤¤¬r¡A¦M®`¯«¸g¨t²Î¡A¼vÅT¨àµ£´¼¤Oµ¥¡C¦ÓHC©MNOµ¥°_¤Æ¾Ç¤ÏÀ³²£¥Í¯ä®ñ¡B¥Òîǵ¥¡A¼vÅT¤HÅ骺©I§l¨t²Î¤Î¯«¸g¤¤¼Ï¡A¬Æ¦Ü­PÀù¡CCO¬O¦³¬rª«½è¡A¹L¶q§l¤J¥i¥H­P©R¡C

6.2.5.3) ¥Ûºø ( Asbestos )¡G

¥D­n¦s¦b©ó¦a¿j¡B¤ôªd¡B§l­µ¡B¹j¼ö§÷®Æ¤Î·Ù¨®¤ù¤¤¡C¥Ûºø·|¤Þ°_ª¿ªÍÀù¡B¯Ý½¤¤Î¸¡½¤¤§¶¡¥Ö½Fµ¥¡A¨äÀù¯g¼ç¥ñ´Á¥iªø¹F15¡ã20¦~¡C®Ú¾ÚÀô«O¤u§@¹ÎÅ骺¬ã¨s³ø§i¡A±q1979¦~¨ì2001¦~¤§¶¡¡A¬¥§üÁF¦a°ÏÁ`­p¦³1,227¤H¦º©ó¸ò¥Ûºø¦³Ãöªº¯e¯f¡C¾·~©ÊªÍÀù¤j¦h»P¥Ûºø¦³Ãö¡A¥D­nµo¥Í¦b³y²î¡BºÞ½uµ´½t¤ÎÁçÄl¤u¤H¡C

6.2.5.4) ´§µo©Ê¦³¾÷¤Æ¦Xª«¡]Volatile Organic Chemicals¡VVOCs ¡^¡G

¦p¥ÒÖJ¡B­f¡B¥ÒîÇ¡B´â¬tºÒ¤Æª« ( CFCs )¡A¥D­n¬O¥Ñ¤u·~¬¡°Ê¥H¤Î¨T¾÷¨®¥[ªo¹Lµ{©Ò¬ªº|¦Ü¤j®ð¤¤ªº¡A¤@¨Ç·|­PÀù¡A¨ä¥L«h·|»P´á®ñ¤Æ¦Xª«°_¥ú¤Æ¤ÏÀ³¡A³y¦¨¤G¦¸¦Ã¬Vª«¡C¦b2004®ø¶OªÌ©e­û·|´ú¸Õ¤F¥«­±¤G¤Q´Ú¤ì®ÑÂd¡Aµo²{·í¤¤20%ªº¼Ë¥»ÄÀ¥X­PÀùª«½è¡G¥ÒîÇ¡A¿@«×³Ì°ª¶W¥X¼Ð·Ç¤E­¿¡A¦¹¥~¡A­«ª÷Äݧt¶q¡]¦p¹]©Î»Ì¡^¡A³Ì°ª¶W¥X¤K¤Q¤­­¿¡C¥t¥~¡A¥¦­ÌªºVOCs¡G¦p¤@´â¤G·Í¥ÒÖJ ( Bromodichloromethane ) ¤Î­f¤A²m ( Styrene ) §t´â¡A¿U¿N®É¥i¯àÄÀ¥X­PÀùª«½è¤Gäú­^¡C

6.2.5.5) ¥ÒîÇ ( Formaldehyde )¡G

¥ÒîǬO¤@ºØµL¦â©ö·»ªº¨ë¿E©Ê®ðÅé¡A¶i¤J¤HÅé«á»P³J¥Õ½èªº®ò°òµ²¦X¡A¨Ï³J¥Õ½èÅÜ©Ê¡AÂZ¶Ã¤HÅé²Ó­Mªº¥NÁ¡A¹ï²Ó­M¨ã¦³·¥¤jªº¯}Ãa§@¥Î¡A¥ÒîǤw¸g³Q¥@¬É½Ã¥Í²Õ´½T©w¬°­PÀù©M­P·î§Îª«½è¡C«Ç¤º©Ò¥Îªº³Ã¨ã¡B¦aªO¡B¤jªäªO¡B½¦¦XªO¡B§SªáªO¡B±K«×ªOµ¥³£¦b¤£Â_¦aÄÀ©ñ¥ÒîÇ¡A¦Ó¥B¡A¨äÄÀ©ñ´Á¥iªø¹F3¦Ü15¦~¡A·íªÅ®ð¤¤¹F¨ì230ppm®É¥i·í§Y¾É­P¦º¤`¡C

6.2.5.6) Ïl®ð ( Radon )¡G

Ïl®ðµL¦â¤]µL¨ý¡A¥ÑÅJ°IÅܦӲ£¥Í¡A¬O¦ÛµM¬É±©¤@ªº¤ÑµM©ñ®g©Ê´k©Ê®ðÅé¡A¤ñ­«¬OªÅ®ðªº7.5­¿¡CÏl®ð¦A¸g°IÅÜ¡A·|§Î¦¨¤@¨t¦C±a´T®gªº·L²É¡C·íÏl®ð©Î·L²É³Q§l¤JªÍ³¡¡A³¡¥÷·|¿n»E¨ÃÄ~Äò´²µo´T®g¡A¦Ó·í¥¦»P·Ï¯óªº·ÏÃú²V¦X«á¡A­PÀù¤§¾÷·|§ó¼W°ª¤T­¿¡CÏl®ð¹ï¤HÅ骺¦M®`¥D­n¬O¾É­PªÍÀù¡A¼ç¥ñ´Á¤j¦h³£¦b15¦~¥H¤W¡A¬O¤Þ°_ªÍÀùªº²Ä¤G¤j¦]¯À¡A¥t¥~¤]·|¾É­P¦åÀù¡A¥@¬É½Ã¥Í²Õ´§â¥¦¦C¬°19ºØ¥D­nªºÀô¹Ò­PÀùª«½è¤§¤@¡C

«Ø¿v§÷®Æ¬O«Ç¤ºÏl®ðªº³Ì¥D­n¨Ó·½¡A¯S§O¬O§t¦³©ñ®g©Ê¤¸¯Àªº¤ÑµM¥Û§÷¡CÏl®ð±qÀð¾À¡B¦aªO¡B©Î¸g¥Ñ¦a­±¤WªºµõÁ_©ÎªÅ»Ø¶i¤J«Ø¿vª«¡A³q­·¤£¨¬ªº«Ø¿vª«¡AÏl®ð·|º¢¯d¤Î¿n»E¡A¦Ó­è¸¨¦¨ªº¼Ó¦t¤¤§ó§t¤j¶qªºÏl®ð¡C­»´ä¤j¾Ç1985¦~¥H¨Ó´¿¹ï­»´ä¦a°Ï¤@¨Ç«Ø«Ø¿vª«¶i¦æÏl®ð¿@«×ÀË´ú¡Aµo²{¤@³¡¤À¤j¼ÓÏl®ðªº¿@«×¶W¼Ð¡C­^°ê¦è«n³¡Ïl®ð©Ò¤Þ°_ªºªÍÀùµ¥¯e¯f­P¦º¨C¦~´N¦³´X¦Ê¤H¡F¬ü°ê¨C¤Ñ¬ù¦³60¤H³QÏl®ð±þ¦º¡A¶W¹L¤F·R´þ¯f¨C¤Ñ¦º¤`ªº¤H¼Æ¡F¬ü°êµo²{¦³25%ªº¦í¦vÏl®ð§t¶q¤w¹F¨ì¦MÀI¤ô¥­¡C

6.2.5.7) ¤ì®h¯»¹Ð ( Wood Dust )¡G

¤ì®h¯»¹Ð³Ìªñ¤~³Q¬ü°ê¡u°ê®a¬rª«­pµe¡vªº²Ä¤Q¦¸­PÀùª«½è³ø§i¨Ò¬°¥i¯à­PÀùª«½è¡A¥D­n²£¦Û³Ã­Ñ¤u¼tµ¥¨ä¥L²£·~¼t³õ¡A·|­P»óµÄªø´c©Ê½F¡C

6.2.6) ¥Íª«©Ê ( Biological )¡G

¥Íª«©Ê­PÀù¦]¯À¥]¬A¯f¬r ( Virus )¡B²Óµß ( Bacteria )¡B±H¥ÍÂÎ ( Parasites )¡B¯uµß ( Fungus )¡C¯f¬r·P¬V»P15¡ã20¢Hªº¸~½F¦³Ãö¡A¤w¸gÃÒ©ú¦³30¾lºØ150¾l®è¯f¬r¥i¥H³y¦¨°Êª«¸~½F¡A¦Ü¤µµo²{©ó600¦hºØ°Êª«¯f¬r¤¤¡A¬ù¦³1/4ªº¯f¬r¨ã¦³­P¸~½F¯S©Ê¡C¨ä¤¤EB¯f¬r·P¬V¥i¾É­P²Ó­MªºÂà¤Æ¦ÓÀù¯g¦p»ó«|Àù¡B¨ÅÀY½F¯f¬r»P¤l宫ÀVÀù¦³±K¤ÁÃö¨t¡B¨xÀù«h»P¤A¨x©Î¤þ¨x¯f¬r·P¬V¦³Ãö¡C

·L¥Íª« ( Microorganism ) ¤Î±H¥ÍÂΪø´Á·P¬V·|¤Þ°_µoª¢¤ÏÀ³¡A¦Ó²£¥Í±j¯Pªº­PÀùª«½è¡A¨Ï±o²Ó­Mµo¥Í¬ðÅܲ£¥ÍÀù¯g¡C¤¤µØ¨x§lÂÎ ( Clonorchis Sinensis ) »PÁxºÞÀù¡B«ÕªùÁ³±Û§ýµß ( Helicobacter Pylori ) »P­GÀù¦³Ãöµ¥¡C

6.2.7) ÃĪ« ( Drugs )¡G

ªø´ÁªA¥Î¦èÃĤUªº°Æ§@¥Î¤Î´Ý¾lª«½è·|¤Þ¦Ü¦UºØ¯e¯f¤ÎÀù¯g¡A¯S§O¬O¨xÀù¡A¤]·|¨Ï§K¬Ì¾¹©x©Î¨t²Î¥\¯à¤U­°¡A¤£¯àÃѧOÀù²Ó­M¦Óµo¥ÍÀù¯g¡Fªø´Á¨Ï¥Î¤îµhÃÄ»P»H¯Ö¡B¿é§¿ºÞÀù¦³±K¤Á¬ÛÃö¡FªvÀøÀù¯g¤Î§Ü±Æ¥¸¾¹©x²¾´ÓªºÃĪ«¥i¯à·|»¤µoÀù¯gªºµo¥Í¡F¦ô­p¬ù¦³1%ªºÀù¯g¬O¦]ÂåÃĩҧΦ¨ªº¡C

«Ü¦h¤k©Ê¦b§ó¦~´Áªº®É­Ô¡A·|ªA¥Î¡u°Ê±¡¿E¯À¡v( Estrogen ) ¨Ó±±¨î§ó¦~´Áªº¦UºØ¤£¾A¡AÁÙ¦³¦UºØªºÁ×¥¥ÃÄ¡A®Ú¾Ú¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü¡A¤j¶qªA¥Î©Î¬Oªø®É¶¡¨Ï¥Î°Ê±¡¿E¯À·|¾É­P¤l®c¤º½¤Àùªº²£¥Í¡A¤]·|¤Þ°_¨ÅÀù¡C©Ê¶Pº¸»X¥i¯à»P¤T¤À¤§¤@ªºÀù¯gµo¥Í¦³Ãö¡C¬ü°êÁp¨¹¬F©²µoªí¨ä¨â¦~¤@«×ªº­PÀùª«³ø§i¡A±N¥Î©ó»Û¿E¯À´À¥NªvÀøªº¡uÃþ©T¾J»Û¿E¯À¡v( Steroidal Estrogens ) »P¡u¤fªAÁ×¥¥ÃÄ¡v( Oral Contraceptives ) ¦C¤J¨ä¤wª¾¤HÃþ­PÀùª«½èªº¥¿¦¡²M³æ¤¤¡C

¬ü°ê¤jÃļtEli Lilly³Ð¿ì¤HEli Lilly»¡¹L¡G¦pªGÃĪ« ( Drug ) ¨S¦³¬r©Ê¡A®Ú¥»´N¤£¬OÃÄ¡C

¬ü°êÁöµM¦³FDA¡A¦ý¬ü°ê°ê·|General Accounting Office: GAO©ó1990¦~«ü¥X¬ù57%¸g®Ö­ãªº¦èÃĦ³ÄY­«©Î­P©Rªº°Æ§@¥Î¡C

Southern Medical Journal©ó2001¦~«ü¥X¡A°£¤F¤ßŦ¯f¡BÀù¯g¡B¤¤­·¥~¡A¦èÃİƧ@¥Î±Æ¦æ¬ü°ê­P©R±þ¤â¤§²Ä¥|¦Ü²Ä¤»¦ì¡C¥@¬É½Ã¥Í²Õ´¦­¤w«Å§G§t¨Eªº¸É¤úª«®Æ ( «UºÙ»È¯» ) ¬r®`¸£³¡¡B¤fµÄ¡B­¹¹D¤ÎªÍ³¡µ¥¡A¤ô»È·|¯}Ãa¿ò¶Ç°ò¦]¡A§ïÅÜ°ò¦]¤Î²Ó­M¤º³¡³J¥Õ½èªºµ²ºc¡A¨Ï°ò¦]²£¥Í¬ðÅܦӭPÀù¡C

 

 

ª`·N¡G¸ê®Æ¥u§@°Ñ¦Ò¡C7-12-2004¡Chttp://health4u.hk

¡@